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The structure of a DnaA/HobA complex from Helicobacter pylori provides insight into regulation of DNA replication in bacteria.

ABSTRACT: Bacterial DNA replication requires DnaA, an AAA+ ATPase that initiates replication at a specific chromosome region, oriC, and is regulated by species-specific regulators that directly bind DnaA. HobA is a DnaA binding protein, recently identified as an essential regulator of DNA replication in Helicobacter pylori. We report the crystal structure of HobA in complex with domains I and II of DnaA (DnaA(I-II)) from H. pylori, the first structure of DnaA bound to one of its regulators. Biochemical characterization of the complex formed shows that a tetramer of HobA binds four DnaA(I-II) molecules, and that DnaA(I-II) is unable to oligomerize by itself. Mutagenesis and protein-protein interaction studies demonstrate that some of the residues located at the HobA-DnaA(I-II) interface in the structure are necessary for complex formation. Introduction of selected mutations into H. pylori shows that the disruption of the interaction between HobA and DnaA is lethal for the bacteria. Remarkably, the DnaA binding site of HobA is conserved in DiaA from Escherichia coli, suggesting that the structure of the HobA/DnaA complex represents a model for DnaA regulation in other Gram-negative bacteria. Our data, together with those from other studies, indicate that HobA could play a crucial scaffolding role during the initiation of replication in H. pylori by organizing the first step of DnaA oligomerization and attachment to oriC.

SUBMITTER: Natrajan G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2795545 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The structure of a DnaA/HobA complex from Helicobacter pylori provides insight into regulation of DNA replication in bacteria.

Natrajan Ganesh G Noirot-Gros Marie Francoise MF Zawilak-Pawlik Anna A Kapp Ulrike U Terradot Laurent L

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20091125 50

Bacterial DNA replication requires DnaA, an AAA+ ATPase that initiates replication at a specific chromosome region, oriC, and is regulated by species-specific regulators that directly bind DnaA. HobA is a DnaA binding protein, recently identified as an essential regulator of DNA replication in Helicobacter pylori. We report the crystal structure of HobA in complex with domains I and II of DnaA (DnaA(I-II)) from H. pylori, the first structure of DnaA bound to one of its regulators. Biochemical ch ...[more]

PMID: 19940251

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Project description:Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the major cause for the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). In children, with no other etiology for the disease, this rare event occurs shortly after infection. In these young patients, habits of smoking, diet, consumption of alcohol and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and stress, in addition to the genetic susceptibility of the patient, represent a minor influence. Accordingly, the virulence of the implicated H. pylori strain should play a crucial role in the development of PUD. Corroborating this, our in vitro infection assays comparing a pool of five H. pylori strains isolated from children with PUD to a pool of five other pediatric clinical isolates associated with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) showed the greater ability of PUD strains to induce a marked decrease in the viability of gastric cells and to cause severe damage in the cells cytoskeleton as well as an impairment in the production/secretion of mucins. To uncover virulence features, we compared the proteome of these two groups of H. pylori strains. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry allowed us to detect 27 differentially expressed proteins between them. In addition to the presence of genes encoding well established virulence factors, namely cagA, vacAs1, oipA "on" status, homB and jhp562 genes, the pediatric ulcerogenic strains shared a proteome profile characterized by changes in the abundance of: motility-associated proteins, accounting for higher motility; antioxidant proteins, which may confer increased resistance to inflammation; and enzymes involved in key steps in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids and urea, which may be advantageous to face fluctuations of nutrients. In conclusion, the enhanced virulence of the pediatric ulcerogenic H. pylori strains may result from a synergy between their natural ability to better adapt to the hostile human stomach and the expression of the established virulence factors.

Project description:Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), encoded by the glyA gene, is a ubiquitous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycine from serine. The thereby generated 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (MTHF) is a major source of cellular one-carbon units and a key intermediate in thymidylate biosynthesis. While in virtually all eukaryotic and many bacterial systems thymidylate synthase ThyA, SHMT and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are part of the thymidylate/folate cycle, the situation is different in organisms using flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase ThyX. Here the distinct catalytic reaction directly produces tetrahydrofolate (THF) and consequently in most ThyX-containing organisms, DHFR is absent. While the resulting influence on the folate metabolism of ThyX-containing bacteria is not fully understood, the presence of ThyX may provide growth benefits under conditions where the level of reduced folate derivatives is compromised. Interestingly, the third key enzyme implicated in generation of MTHF, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), has a universal phylogenetic distribution, but remains understudied in ThyX-containg bacteria. To obtain functional insight into these ThyX-dependent thymidylate/folate cycles, we characterized the predicted SHMT from the ThyX-containing bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity was confirmed by functional genetic complementation of a glyA-inactivated E. coli strain. A H. pylori ΔglyA strain was obtained, but exhibited markedly slowed growth and had lost the virulence factor CagA. Biochemical and spectroscopic evidence indicated formation of a characteristic enzyme-PLP-glycine-folate complex and revealed unexpectedly weak binding affinity of PLP. The three-dimensional structure of the H. pylori SHMT apoprotein was determined at 2.8Ǻ resolution, suggesting a structural basis for the low affinity of the enzyme for its cofactor. Stabilization of the proposed inactive configuration using small molecules has potential to provide a specific way for inhibiting HpSHMT.

Dataset Information

The structure of a DnaA/HobA complex from Helicobacter pylori provides insight into regulation of DNA replication in bacteria.

Publications

The structure of a DnaA/HobA complex from Helicobacter pylori provides insight into regulation of DNA replication in bacteria.

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