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Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps-description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.

ABSTRACT: Worldwide glaciers are annually retreating due to global overheating and this phenomenon determines the potential lost of microbial diversity represented by psychrophilic microbial population sharing these peculiar habitats. In this context, yeast strains, all unable to grow above 20 degrees C, consisting of 42 strains from Antarctic soil and 14 strains isolated from Alpine Glacier, were isolated and grouped together based on similar morphological and physiological characteristics. Sequences of the D1/D2 and ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA confirmed the previous analyses and demonstrated that the strains belong to unknown species. Three new species are proposed: Mrakia robertii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8912), Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8921) and a related anamorphic species Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8917). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region revealed that the new proposed species were closely related to each other within the Mrakia clade in the order Cystofilobasidiales, class Tremellomycetes. The Mrakia clade now contains 8 sub-clades. Teliospores were observed in all strains except CBS 8918 and for the Mrakiella niccombsii strains.

SUBMITTER: Thomas-Hall SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2797416 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps-description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.

Thomas-Hall Skye Robin SR Turchetti Benedetta B Buzzini Pietro P Branda Eva E Boekhout Teun T Theelen Bart B Watson Kenneth K

Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions 20091107 1

Worldwide glaciers are annually retreating due to global overheating and this phenomenon determines the potential lost of microbial diversity represented by psychrophilic microbial population sharing these peculiar habitats. In this context, yeast strains, all unable to grow above 20 degrees C, consisting of 42 strains from Antarctic soil and 14 strains isolated from Alpine Glacier, were isolated and grouped together based on similar morphological and physiological characteristics. Sequences of ...[more]

PMID: 19898737

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Project description:Microorganisms including yeasts are responsible for mineralization of organic matter in cold regions, and their characterization is critical to elucidate the ecology of such environments on Earth. Strategies developed by yeasts to survive in cold environments have been increasingly studied in the last years and applied to different biotechnological applications, but their knowledge is still limited. Microbial adaptations to cold include the synthesis of cryoprotective compounds, as well as the presence of a high number of genes encoding the synthesis of proteins/enzymes characterized by a reduced proline content and highly flexible and large catalytic active sites. This study is a comparative genomic study on the adaptations of yeasts isolated from the Italian Alps, considering their growth kinetics. The optimal temperature for growth (OTG), growth rate (Gr), and draft genome sizes considerably varied (OTG, 10°C-20°C; Gr, 0.071-0.0726; genomes, 20.7-21.5 Mpb; %GC, 50.9-61.5). A direct relationship was observed between calculated protein flexibilities and OTG, but not for Gr. Putative genes encoding for cold stress response were found, as well as high numbers of genes encoding for general, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. The cold response genes found in the studied yeasts play roles in cell membrane adaptation, compatible solute accumulation, RNA structure changes, and protein folding, i.e., dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase, omega-6 fatty acid, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, ATP-dependent RNA helicase, and elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids. A redundancy for several putative genes was found, higher for P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, alpha/beta hydrolase, armadillo repeat-containing proteins, and the major facilitator superfamily protein. Hundreds of thousands of small open reading frames (SmORFs) were found in all studied yeasts, especially in Phenoliferia glacialis. Gene clusters encoding for the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpene, non-ribosomal peptide, and type III polyketide were predicted in four, three, and two studied yeasts, respectively.

Dataset Information

Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps-description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.

Publications

Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps-description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.

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