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Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution.

ABSTRACT: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.

SUBMITTER: Warren WC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2803040 | biostudies-literature | 2008 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution.

Warren Wesley C WC   Hillier LaDeana W LW   Marshall Graves Jennifer A JA   Birney Ewan E   Ponting Chris P CP   Grützner Frank F   Belov Katherine K   Miller Webb W   Clarke Laura L   Chinwalla Asif T AT   Yang Shiaw-Pyng SP   Heger Andreas A   Locke Devin P DP   Miethke Pat P   Waters Paul D PD   Veyrunes Frédéric F   Fulton Lucinda L   Fulton Bob B   Graves Tina T   Wallis John J   Puente Xose S XS   López-Otín Carlos C   Ordóñez Gonzalo R GR   Eichler Evan E EE   Chen Lin L   Cheng Ze Z   Deakin Janine E JE   Alsop Amber A   Thompson Katherine K   Kirby Patrick P   Papenfuss Anthony T AT   Wakefield Matthew J MJ   Olender Tsviya T   Lancet Doron D   Huttley Gavin A GA   Smit Arian F A AF   Pask Andrew A   Temple-Smith Peter P   Batzer Mark A MA   Walker Jerilyn A JA   Konkel Miriam K MK   Harris Robert S RS   Whittington Camilla M CM   Wong Emily S W ES   Gemmell Neil J NJ   Buschiazzo Emmanuel E   Vargas Jentzsch Iris M IM   Merkel Angelika A   Schmitz Juergen J   Zemann Anja A   Churakov Gennady G   Kriegs Jan Ole JO   Brosius Juergen J   Murchison Elizabeth P EP   Sachidanandam Ravi R   Smith Carly C   Hannon Gregory J GJ   Tsend-Ayush Enkhjargal E   McMillan Daniel D   Attenborough Rosalind R   Rens Willem W   Ferguson-Smith Malcolm M   Lefèvre Christophe M CM   Sharp Julie A JA   Nicholas Kevin R KR   Ray David A DA   Kube Michael M   Reinhardt Richard R   Pringle Thomas H TH   Taylor James J   Jones Russell C RC   Nixon Brett B   Dacheux Jean-Louis JL   Niwa Hitoshi H   Sekita Yoko Y   Huang Xiaoqiu X   Stark Alexander A   Kheradpour Pouya P   Kellis Manolis M   Flicek Paul P   Chen Yuan Y   Webber Caleb C   Hardison Ross R   Nelson Joanne J   Hallsworth-Pepin Kym K   Delehaunty Kim K   Markovic Chris C   Minx Pat P   Feng Yucheng Y   Kremitzki Colin C   Mitreva Makedonka M   Glasscock Jarret J   Wylie Todd T   Wohldmann Patricia P   Thiru Prathapan P   Nhan Michael N MN   Pohl Craig S CS   Smith Scott M SM   Hou Shunfeng S   Nefedov Mikhail M   de Jong Pieter J PJ   Renfree Marilyn B MB   Mardis Elaine R ER   Wilson Richard K RK  

Nature 20080501 7192

We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opte  ...[more]

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