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Associations of environmental factors with elderly health and mortality in China.

ABSTRACT: We examined the effects of community socioeconomic conditions, air pollution, and the physical environment on elderly health and survival in China.We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 15 973 elderly residents of 866 counties and cities with multilevel logistic regression models in which individuals were nested within each county or city.After control for individual-level factors, communities' gross domestic product per capita, adult labor force participation rate, and illiteracy rate were significantly associated with physical, mental, and overall health and mortality among the elderly in China. We also found that air pollution increased the odds of disability in activities of daily living (ADLs), cognitive impairment, and health deficits; more rainfall was protective, reducing the odds of ADL disability and cognitive impairment; low seasonal temperatures increased the odds of ADL disability and mortality; high seasonal temperatures increased the odds of cognitive impairment and deficits; and living in hilly areas decreased the odds of ADL disability and health deficits.Efforts to reduce pollution and improve socioeconomic conditions could significantly improve elderly health and survival.

SUBMITTER: Zeng Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2804639 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of environmental factors with elderly health and mortality in China.

Zeng Yi Y Gu Danan D Purser Jama J Hoenig Helen H Christakis Nicholas N

American journal of public health 20091217 2

<h4>Objectives</h4>We examined the effects of community socioeconomic conditions, air pollution, and the physical environment on elderly health and survival in China.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 15 973 elderly residents of 866 counties and cities with multilevel logistic regression models in which individuals were nested within each county or city.<h4>Results</h4>After control for individual-level factors, communities' gross domestic product per cap ...[more]

PMID: 20019314

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Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about the distribution of activity over the full 24-hour spectrum in late old age and its association with demographic and health factors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, and associated factors in the elderly population.MethodsOur study included 1210 participants (51.9% women) aged 70-94 years [mean age 77.5 years, standard deviation (SD) 5.0] from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Participants wore a triaxial accelerometer (GENEActiv) around the wrist for 7 days between July 2014 and June 2016. We examined if PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep differed by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, education, season, functional capacity, marital status, presence of chronic disease, and use of sleep medication.ResultsMean total PA, expressed in milli-gravity (mg) units, was slightly higher for women (20.3, SD 5.6) than for men (19.3, SD 5.2, P < .01). Mean (SD) daily duration spent in sedentary behavior and light and moderate-to-vigorous PA was 13.3 (1.5) h/d, 147.5 (31.5) min/d, and 75.0 (25.5) min/d, respectively, among women; and 13.8 (1.6) h/d, 140.5 (31.1) min/d, and 71.5 (24.5) min/d, respectively, among men. Women spent on average 6.7 (SD 1.1) h/d sleeping and men 6.6 (1.4) h/d. Across increasing categories of age and BMI and in participants with chronic disease and disability, time spent in light and moderate-to-vigorous PA was decreased. Higher age and BMI were associated with more sedentary time. In addition, obese men spent slightly more time sleeping than their normal weight counterparts and women spent slightly less time sleeping in the summer than in spring.ConclusionsPA and sedentary behavior in the elderly differed by sex, age, BMI, prevalence of chronic disease, and disability, whereas there were no clear patterns for sleep. On average, our participants spent up to 79.5% of their time awake being sedentary and 7%-8% in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Replacing sedentary behavior with light PA would be a good starting point for those with the lowest level of PA. Older adults, those with high BMI and worse health could benefit from targeted interventions to increase PA.

Project description:BackgroundPulmonary heart disease (PHD) has become a global burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. However, very few studies have assessed the influence of air pollution on PHD. This is the first study to explore the association between gaseous pollutants and PHD-related mortality in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China.MethodsData on PHD-related mortality among elderly people (aged 60 and older) from 2013 to 2017 were collected from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on air pollutants were collected from all 24 Municipal Environmental Monitoring Sites in Chengdu, and data on daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were collected from the Chengdu Municipal Meteorological Bureau. An epidemiological design of time-stratified case-crossover was conducted to assess the association between short-term exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants and PHD-related mortality among elderly people.ResultsAbout 54,920 PHD-related deaths among people aged 60 and older were reported. After controlling for daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, an IQR concentration increase in levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) (13??g/m3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (17??g/m3), and ozone (O3) (74??g/m3) was associated with 7.8, 6.2, and 5.5% increases in PHD-related mortality in people aged 60 and older, respectively. People over age 70 might have even higher susceptibility to PHD-related mortality associated with SO2, NO2, and O3. Females and individuals with alternative marital statuses (widowed, divorced, or never married) had twice and more than twice the PHD-related mortality risk associated with SO2 and NO2 than males and married individuals, respectively.ConclusionsIncreased concentrations of ambient SO2, NO2, and O3 were significantly and positively associated with PHD-related mortality in Chengdu, China. Sociodemographic factors - including gender, age, and marital status - may modify the acute health effects of gaseous pollutants.

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Associations of environmental factors with elderly health and mortality in China.

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Associations of environmental factors with elderly health and mortality in China.

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