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Inhibition of bacterial disulfide bond formation by the anticoagulant warfarin.

ABSTRACT: Blood coagulation in humans requires the activity of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), the target of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin). Bacterial homologs of VKOR were recently found to participate in a pathway leading to disulfide bond formation in secreted proteins of many bacteria. Here we show that the VKOR homolog from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, is inhibited by warfarin and that warfarin-resistant mutations of mycobacterial VKOR appear in similar locations to mutations found in human patients who require higher doses of warfarin. Deletion of VKOR results in a severe growth defect in mycobacteria, and the growth of M. tuberculosis is inhibited by warfarin. The bacterial VKOR homolog may represent a target for antibiotics and a model for genetic studies of human VKOR. We present a simple assay in Escherichia coli, based on a disulfide-sensitive beta-galactosidase, which can be used to screen for stronger inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis VKOR homolog.

SUBMITTER: Dutton RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2806739 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inhibition of bacterial disulfide bond formation by the anticoagulant warfarin.

Dutton Rachel J RJ Wayman April A Wei Jun-Rong JR Rubin Eric J EJ Beckwith Jon J Boyd Dana D

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20091215 1

Blood coagulation in humans requires the activity of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), the target of the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin). Bacterial homologs of VKOR were recently found to participate in a pathway leading to disulfide bond formation in secreted proteins of many bacteria. Here we show that the VKOR homolog from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, is inhibited by warfarin and that warfarin-resistant mutations of mycobacterial VKO ...[more]

PMID: 20018758

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Project description:The protein secretory pathway must maintain homoeostasis while producing a wide assortment of proteins in different conditions. It is also used extensively to produce many useful proteins in biotechnology. As such, secretory pathway dysfunction can be highly detrimental to the cell, resulting in the molecular basis for many human diseases, and can drastically inhibit product titers in biochemical production. Because the secretory pathway is a highly-integrated, multi-organelle system, dysfunction can happen at many levels and dissecting the root cause can be challenging. To better understand some of these dysfunctions, we measured multiple systems-level states of the cell (physiology, transcriptome, metabolism) while secreting a small protein (insulin precursor) or a large protein (?-amylase). This was carried out in the presence and absence of HAC1, a key transcription factor in maintaining secretory homeostasis. Clear trends in cellular stress were apparent across multiple data resulting from our perturbations. In particular, processes involving (1) degradation of protein / recycling amino acids, (2) overall transcription/translation repression, and (3) oxidative stress. Apparent runaway oxidative radical production was explained by a thermodynamic model that we put forward for disulfide formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This model predicts that balancing the relative rates of protein folding and disulfide bond formation are key to easing oxidative stress. These predictions have direct implications in how to engineer a broad range of recombinant proteins for secretion and provide potential hypotheses for the root causes of several secretory-associated diseases. Yeast strains were constructed that produce and secrete (a) IP or (b) ?-amylase and were compared to yeast strains containing (c) an empty vector in both wild-type and HAC1 deletion backgrounds. These strains are named WN (WT with empty vector), WI (WT secreting IP), WA (WT secreting ?-amylase), dN (?hac1 with empty vector), dI (?hac1 secreting IP), and dA (?hac1 secreting ?-amylase). Strains were characterized in batch fermentation and samples were taken in mid-exponential phase. Triplicate fermentations were carried out for each strain.

Dataset Information

Inhibition of bacterial disulfide bond formation by the anticoagulant warfarin.

Publications

Inhibition of bacterial disulfide bond formation by the anticoagulant warfarin.

Similar Datasets

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