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ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR9 controls development and gene expression in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: Actin depolymerizing factors (ADF/cofilin) modulate the rate of actin filament turnover, networking cellular signals into cytoskeletal-dependent developmental pathways. Plant and animal genomes encode families of diverse ancient ADF isovariants. One weakly but ubiquitously expressed member of the Arabidopsis ADF gene family, ADF9, is moderately expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Mutant alleles adf9-1 and adf9-2 showed a 95% and 50% reduction in transcript levels, respectively. Compared to wild-type, mutant seedlings and plants were significantly smaller and adult mutant plants had decreased numbers of lateral branches and a reduced ability to form callus. The mutants flowered very early during long-day light cycles, but not during short days. adf9-1showed a several-fold lower expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a master repressor of the transition to flowering, and increased expression of CONSTANS, an activator of flowering. Transgenic ADF9 expression complemented both developmental and gene expression phenotypes. FLC chromatin from adf9-1 plants contained reduced levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and lysine 9 and 14 acetylation, as well as increased nucleosome occupancy consistent with a less active chromatin state. We propose that ADF9 networks both cytoplasmic and nuclear processes within the SAM to control multicellular development.

SUBMITTER: Burgos-Rivera B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2811079 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR9 controls development and gene expression in Arabidopsis.

Burgos-Rivera Brunilís B Ruzicka Daniel R DR Deal Roger B RB McKinney Elizabeth C EC King-Reid Lori L Meagher Richard B RB

Plant molecular biology 20081002 6

Actin depolymerizing factors (ADF/cofilin) modulate the rate of actin filament turnover, networking cellular signals into cytoskeletal-dependent developmental pathways. Plant and animal genomes encode families of diverse ancient ADF isovariants. One weakly but ubiquitously expressed member of the Arabidopsis ADF gene family, ADF9, is moderately expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Mutant alleles adf9-1 and adf9-2 showed a 95% and 50% reduction in transcript levels, respectively. Compare ...[more]

PMID: 18830798

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Project description:Two cDNAs, isolated from a Xenopus laevis embryonic library, encode proteins of 168 amino acids, both of which are 77% identical to chick cofilin and 66% identical to chick actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), two structurally and functionally related proteins. These Xenopus ADF/cofilins (XADs) differ from each other in 12 residues spread throughout the sequence but do not differ in charge. Purified GST-fusion proteins have pH-dependent actin-depolymerizing and F-actin-binding activities similar to chick ADF and cofilin. Similarities in the developmental and tissue specific expression, embryonic localization, and in the cDNA sequence of the noncoding regions, suggest that the two XACs arise from allelic variants of the pseudotetraploid X. laevis. Immunofluorescence localization of XAC in oocyte sections with an XAC-specific monoclonal antibody shows it to be diffuse in the cortical cytoplasm. After fertilization, increased immunostaining is observed in two regions: along the membrane, particularly that of the vegetal hemisphere, and at the interface between the cortical and animal hemisphere cytoplasm. The cleavage furrow and the mid-body structure are stained at the end of first cleavage. Neuroectoderm derived tissues, notochord, somites, and epidermis stain heavily either continuously or transiently from stages 18-34. A phosphorylated form of XAC (pXAC) was identified by 2D Western blotting, and it is the only species found in oocytes. Dephosphorylation of >60% of the pXAC occurs within 30 min after fertilization. Injection of one blastomere at the 2 cell stage, either with constitutively active XAC or with an XAC inhibitory antibody, blocked cleavage of only the injected blastomere in a concentration-dependent manner without inhibiting nuclear division. The cleavage furrow of eggs injected with constitutively active XAC completely regressed. Blastomeres injected with neutralized antibody developed normally. These results suggest that XAC is necessary for cytokinesis and that its activity must be properly regulated for cleavage to occur.

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ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR9 controls development and gene expression in Arabidopsis.

Publications

ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR9 controls development and gene expression in Arabidopsis.

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