Dataset Information

Isolation and characterization of bacteria resistant to metallic copper surfaces.

ABSTRACT: Metallic copper alloys have recently attracted attention as a new antimicrobial weapon for areas where surface hygiene is paramount. Currently it is not understood on a molecular level how metallic copper kills microbes, but previous studies have demonstrated that a wide variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile, are inactivated within minutes or a few hours of exposure. In this study, we show that bacteria isolated from copper alloy coins comprise strains that are especially resistant against the toxic properties exerted by dry metallic copper surfaces. The most resistant of 294 isolates were Gram-positive staphylococci and micrococci, Kocuria palustris, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum but also included the proteobacterial species Sphingomonas panni and Pseudomonas oleovorans. Cells of some of these bacterial strains survived on copper surfaces for 48 h or more. Remarkably, when these dry-surface-resistant strains were exposed to moist copper surfaces, resistance levels were close to those of control strains and MICs for copper ions were at or below control strain levels. This suggests that mechanisms conferring resistance against dry metallic copper surfaces in these newly isolated bacterial strains are different from well-characterized copper ion detoxification systems. Furthermore, staphylococci on coins did not exhibit increased levels of resistance to antibiotics, arguing against coselection with copper surface resistance traits.

SUBMITTER: Santo CE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2832357 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Isolation and characterization of bacteria resistant to metallic copper surfaces.

Santo Christophe Espírito CE Morais Paula Vasconcelos PV Grass Gregor G

Applied and environmental microbiology 20100104 5

Metallic copper alloys have recently attracted attention as a new antimicrobial weapon for areas where surface hygiene is paramount. Currently it is not understood on a molecular level how metallic copper kills microbes, but previous studies have demonstrated that a wide variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile, are inactivated within minutes or a few hours of exposure. In this study, we show that bacteria isolated from copper alloy coins ...[more]

PMID: 20048058

Similar Datasets

Project description:Artificial laboratory evolution was used to produce mutant strains of Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) able to survive on antimicrobial metallic copper surfaces. These mutants were 12- and 60-fold less susceptible to the copper-mediated contact killing process than their respective parent strains. Growth levels of the mutant and its parent in complex growth medium were similar. Tolerance to copper ions of the mutants was unchanged. The mutant phenotype remained stable over about 250 generations under nonstress conditions. The mutants and their respective parental strains accumulated copper released from the metallic surfaces to similar extents. Nevertheless, only the parental strains succumbed to copper stress when challenged on metallic copper surfaces, suffering complete destruction of the cell structure. Whole-genome sequencing and global transcriptome analysis were used to decipher the genetic alterations in the mutant strains; however, these results did not explain the copper-tolerance phenotypes on the systemic level. Instead, the mutants shared features with those of stressed bacterial subpopulations entering the early or "shallow" persister state. In contrast to the canonical persister state, however, the ability to survive on solid copper surfaces was adopted by the majority of the mutant strain population. This indicated that application of solid copper surfaces in hospitals and elsewhere has to be accompanied by strict cleaning regimens to keep the copper surfaces active and prevent evolution of tolerant mutant strains.IMPORTANCE Microbes are rapidly killed on solid copper surfaces by contact killing. Copper surfaces thus have an important role to play in preventing the spread of nosocomial infections. Bacteria adapt to challenging natural and clinical environments through evolutionary processes, for instance, by acquisition of beneficial spontaneous mutations. We wish to address the question of whether mutants can be selected that have evolved to survive contact killing on solid copper surfaces. We isolated such mutants from Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by artificial laboratory evolution. The ability to survive on solid copper surfaces was a stable phenotype of the mutant population and not restricted to a small subpopulation. As a consequence, standard operation procedures with strict hygienic measures are extremely important to prevent the emergence and spread of copper-surface-tolerant persister-like bacterial strains if copper surfaces are to be sustainably used to limit the spread of pathogenic bacteria, e.g., to curb nosocomial infections.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Copper mining has led to Cu pollution in agricultural soils. In this report, the effects of Cu pollution on bacterial communities of agricultural soils from Valparaiso region, central Chile, were studied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the 16S rRNA genes was used for the characterization of bacterial communities from Cu-polluted and non-polluted soils. Cu-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from Cu-polluted soils and characterized. RESULTS: DGGE showed a similar high number of bands and banding pattern of the bacterial communities from Cu-polluted and non-polluted soils. The presence of copA genes encoding the multi-copper oxidase that confers Cu-resistance in bacteria was detected by PCR in metagenomic DNA from the three Cu-polluted soils, but not in the non-polluted soil. The number of Cu-tolerant heterotrophic cultivable bacteria was significantly higher in Cu-polluted soils than in the non-polluted soil. Ninety two Cu-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from three Cu-polluted agricultural soils. Five isolated strains showed high resistance to copper (MIC ranged from 3.1 to 4.7 mM) and also resistance to other heavy metals. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicate that these isolates belong to the genera Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Arthrobacter. The Sphingomonas sp. strains O12, A32 and A55 and Stenotrophomonas sp. C21 possess plasmids containing the Cu-resistance copA genes. Arthrobacter sp. O4 possesses the copA gene, but plasmids were not detected in this strain. The amino acid sequences of CopA from Sphingomonas isolates (O12, A32 and A55), Stenotrophomonas strain (C21) and Arthrobacter strain (O4) are closely related to CopA from Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Arthrobacter strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that bacterial communities of agricultural soils from central Chile exposed to long-term Cu-pollution have been adapted by acquiring Cu genetic determinants. Five bacterial isolates showed high copper resistance and additional resistance to other heavy metals. Detection of copA gene in plasmids of four Cu-resistant isolates indicates that mobile genetic elements are involved in the spreading of Cu genetic determinants in polluted environments.

Dataset Information

Isolation and characterization of bacteria resistant to metallic copper surfaces.

Publications

Isolation and characterization of bacteria resistant to metallic copper surfaces.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets