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Investigation of non-nucleophilic additives for the reduction of morphological anomalies in protein arrays.

ABSTRACT: Uniform spot morphology is of critical importance in the fabrication and successful use of protein arrays, and solution additives are often needed to ensure good spot quality. Whereas hydroxyl-bearing molecules such as glycerol have found wide use, in our experience these reduce the efficiency of probe immobilization (particularly in the context of aldehyde-terminated surfaces). Here, we report a series of non-nucleophilic molecules that can be used as additives to improve spot homogeneity in protein arrays. Arrayed imaging reflectometry, a label-free optical biosensing technique, has been used along with spectroscopic ellipsometry to test the spot homogeneity, antibody immobilization efficiency, and activity of antihuman IgG arrays prepared with these non-nucleophilic additives on glutaraldehyde surfaces. It has been determined that 0.1% v/v 12-crown-4 performs optimally in MPBS buffer.

SUBMITTER: Mace CR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2836230 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Investigation of non-nucleophilic additives for the reduction of morphological anomalies in protein arrays.

Mace Charles R CR Yadav Amrita R AR Miller Benjamin L BL

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 20081017 22

Uniform spot morphology is of critical importance in the fabrication and successful use of protein arrays, and solution additives are often needed to ensure good spot quality. Whereas hydroxyl-bearing molecules such as glycerol have found wide use, in our experience these reduce the efficiency of probe immobilization (particularly in the context of aldehyde-terminated surfaces). Here, we report a series of non-nucleophilic molecules that can be used as additives to improve spot homogeneity in pr ...[more]

PMID: 18925757

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Despite the high frequency of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum, their evolutionary and clinical implications remain controversial. Specifically, inconsistencies involving the classification and counting methods obscure accurate assessment of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Therefore, we aim to establish more reliable morphological and morphometric methods for differentiating between sacralizations and lumbarizations in clinical and paleontological contexts. Materials and Methods Using clinical CT data from 145 individuals aged 14–47 years, vertebral counts and the spatial relationship between the sacrum and adjoining bony structures were assessed, while the morphological variation of the sacrum was assessed using geometric morphometrics based on varied landmark configurations. Results The prevalence of lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal segmentation anomalies was 40%. Lumbarizations and sacralizations were reliably distinguishable based on the spatial relationship between the iliac crest and the upward or downward trajectory of the linea terminalis on the sacrum. Different craniocaudal orientations of the alae relative to the corpus of the first sacral vertebra were also reflected in the geometric morphometric analyses. The fusion of the coccyx (32%) was frequently coupled with lumbarizations, suggesting that the six‐element sacra more often incorporate the coccyx rather than the fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusions Our approach allowed the consistent identification of segmentation anomalies even in isolated sacra. Additionally, our outcomes either suggest that homeotic border shifts often affect multiple spinal regions in a unidirectional way, or that sacrum length is highly conserved perhaps due to functional constraints. Our results elucidate the potential clinical, biomechanical, and evolutionary significance of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Direct morphological comparison of lumbosacral segmentation anomalies, that is, sacralization (blue) and lumbarization (yellow).

Dataset Information

Investigation of non-nucleophilic additives for the reduction of morphological anomalies in protein arrays.

Publications

Investigation of non-nucleophilic additives for the reduction of morphological anomalies in protein arrays.

Similar Datasets

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