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Plant homologs of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter, PfCRT, are required for glutathione homeostasis and stress responses.


ABSTRACT: In Arabidopsis thaliana, biosynthesis of the essential thiol antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), is plastid-regulated, but many GSH functions, including heavy metal detoxification and plant defense activation, depend on cytosolic GSH. This finding suggests that plastid and cytosol thiol pools are closely integrated and we show that in Arabidopsis this integration requires a family of three plastid thiol transporters homologous to the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter, PfCRT. Arabidopsis mutants lacking these transporters are heavy metal-sensitive, GSH-deficient, and hypersensitive to Phytophthora infection, confirming a direct requirement for correct GSH homeostasis in defense responses. Compartment-specific measurements of the glutathione redox potential using redox-sensitive GFP showed that knockout of the entire transporter family resulted in a more oxidized glutathione redox potential in the cytosol, but not in the plastids, indicating the GSH-deficient phenotype is restricted to the cytosolic compartment. Expression of the transporters in Xenopus oocytes confirmed that each can mediate GSH uptake. We conclude that these transporters play a significant role in regulating GSH levels and the redox potential of the cytosol.

SUBMITTER: Maughan SC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2836691 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plant homologs of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter, PfCRT, are required for glutathione homeostasis and stress responses.

Maughan Spencer C SC   Pasternak Maciej M   Cairns Narelle N   Kiddle Guy G   Brach Thorsten T   Jarvis Renee R   Haas Florian F   Nieuwland Jeroen J   Lim Benson B   Müller Christopher C   Salcedo-Sora Enrique E   Kruse Cordula C   Orsel Mathilde M   Hell Rüdiger R   Miller Anthony J AJ   Bray Patrick P   Foyer Christine H CH   Murray James A H JA   Meyer Andreas J AJ   Cobbett Christopher S CS  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20100113 5


In Arabidopsis thaliana, biosynthesis of the essential thiol antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), is plastid-regulated, but many GSH functions, including heavy metal detoxification and plant defense activation, depend on cytosolic GSH. This finding suggests that plastid and cytosol thiol pools are closely integrated and we show that in Arabidopsis this integration requires a family of three plastid thiol transporters homologous to the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter, PfCRT. A  ...[more]

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