Dataset Information

Maternal postnatal depression and child growth: a European cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Previous studies have reported postpartum depression to be associated with both positive and negative effects on early infant growth. This study examined the hypothesis that maternal postnatal depression may be a risk factor for later child growth faltering or overweight.

Methods

A total of 929 women and their children participating in a European multicenter study were included at a median age of 14 days. Mothers completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) at 2, 3 and 6 months after delivery. EPDS scores of 13 and above at any time were defined as maternal depression. Weight, length, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were measured, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated when the children were two years old and converted to standard deviation scores based on the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS).

Results

Z-scores for weight-for-length at inclusion of infants of mothers with high EPDS scores (-0.55, SD 0.74) were lower than of those with normal scores (-0.36, SD 0.74; p = 0.013). BMI at age 24 months did not differ in the high (16.3 kg/m2, SD 1.3) and in the normal EPDS groups (16.2 kg/m2, SD 1.3; p = 0.48). All other anthropometric indices also did not differ between groups, with no change by multivariate adjustment.

Conclusions

We conclude that a high maternal postnatal depression score does not have any major effects on offspring growth in high income countries.

SUBMITTER: Grote V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2850333 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Maternal postnatal depression and child growth: a European cohort study.

Grote Veit V Vik Torstein T von Kries Rüdiger R Luque Veronica V Socha Jerzy J Verduci Elvira E Carlier Clotilde C Koletzko Berthold B

BMC pediatrics 20100312

<h4>Background</h4>Previous studies have reported postpartum depression to be associated with both positive and negative effects on early infant growth. This study examined the hypothesis that maternal postnatal depression may be a risk factor for later child growth faltering or overweight.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 929 women and their children participating in a European multicenter study were included at a median age of 14 days. Mothers completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) ...[more]

PMID: 20226021

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Project description:Aims and objectivesTo explore maternal and child health nurses' experiences of supporting women with postnatal depression and anxiety and the factors which impact these.BackgroundMaternal and child health nurses play a key role in identifying women with postnatal depression and anxiety and facilitating their access to appropriate supports. Understanding how nurses carryout this work, and the conditions which impact their ability to do so, is critical to the development of service delivery frameworks that can facilitate optimal outcomes for women and their families. Despite this, little is known about this subject.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsParticipants were maternal and child health nurses practicing for at least six months and regularly seeing new mothers in Victoria, Australia. Twelve nurses were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns across our data. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify issues which were most emphasised by nurses. Reporting complies with the COREQ checklist.FindingsThree overarching themes were identified. Theme one pertained to steps taken by nurses following the identification of depression or anxiety symptoms and the shared challenges they encountered. Theme two concerned nurses' experiences of supporting women who required acute mental health interventions and the systemic barriers they faced. Finally, theme three related to how the existing service delivery model could be improved to better support nurses in their work.ConclusionsThe complex system within which nurses operate presents barriers that can impede their ability to respond to women with postnatal mental health issues. There is a need for service delivery frameworks that better support nurses and facilitates equitable access to mental healthcare.Relevance to clinical practiceFacilitating equitable access to all perinatal mental health services and interventions must be at the heart of all future policy, funding and service delivery frameworks.

Project description:Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have significant impacts on the next generation with links to negative birth outcomes, impaired cognitive development, and increased socioemotional problems in children. However, not all types or levels of adversity are similarly deleterious and research from diverse contexts is needed to better understand why and how intergenerational transmission of adversity occurs. We examined the role of maternal ACEs on children's growth, cognitive, and socioemotional development at 36 months postpartum in rural Pakistan. We used data from 877 mother-child dyads in the Bachpan Cohort, a birth cohort study. Maternal ACEs were captured using an adapted version of the ACE-International Questionnaire. Outcomes at 36 months of age included child growth using the WHO growth z-scores, fine motor and receptive language development assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, and socioemotional and behavioral development measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Socioemotional and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. To estimate the associations between maternal ACEs and child outcomes, we used multivariable generalized linear models with inverse probability weights to account for sampling and loss to follow-up. Over half of mothers in our sample (58%) experienced at least one ACE. Emotional abuse, physical abuse, and emotional neglect were the most commonly reported ACEs. We found null relationships between the number of maternal ACEs and child growth. Maternal ACEs were associated with higher fine motor and receptive language development and worse socioemotional and behavioral outcomes. Maternal ACE domains had similarly varying relationships with child outcomes. Our findings highlight the complexity of intergenerational associations between maternal ACEs and children's growth and development. Further work is necessary to examine these relationships across cultural contexts and identify moderating factors to mitigate potential negative intergenerational effects.

Project description:ImportanceMaternal postnatal depression (PND) is common and associated with adverse child outcomes. These effects are not inevitable, and it is critical to identify those most at risk. Previous work suggests that the risks of adverse outcomes are increased when PND is severe and persistent, but this has not been systematically studied.ObjectiveTo examine the association between differing levels of persistence and severity of PND and long-term child outcomes.Design, setting, and participantsThe sample for this observational study comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the United Kingdom. Three thresholds of PND severity-moderate, marked, and severe-were defined using the self-rated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Depression was defined as persistent when the EPDS score was above the threshold level at both 2 and 8 months after childbirth. For each of these severity and persistence categories, the following were examined: (1) the trajectories of later EPDS scores (6 time points between 21 months and 11 years after childbirth) and (2) child outcomes-behavioral problems at 3.5 years of age, school-leaving mathematics grades at 16 years of age, and depression at 18 years of age. Data analysis was conducted from July 12, 2016, to February 8, 2017.Main outcomes and measuresChild behavioral problems at 3.5 years of age using the Rutter total problems scale, school-leaving mathematics grades at 16 years of age extracted from records of external national public examinations, and offspring depression at 18 years of age using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised.ResultsFor the 9848 mothers in the sample, the mean (SD) age at delivery was 28.5 (4.7) years. Of the 8287 children, 4227 (51%) were boys and 4060 (49%) were girls. Compared with women with PND that was not persistent and women who did not score above the EPDS threshold, for all 3 severity levels, women with persistent PND showed elevated depressive symptoms up to 11 years after childbirth. Whether persistent or not, PND doubled the risk of child behavior disturbance. The odds ratio (OR) for child behavioral disturbance for mothers with moderate PND was 2.22 (95% CI, 1.74-2.83), for mothers with marked PND was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.36-2.68), and for mothers with severe PND was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.78-3.22). Persistence of severe PND was particularly important to child development, substantially increasing the risk for behavioral problems at 3.5 years of age (OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 2.94-7.98), lower mathematics grades at 16 years of age (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.26-5.57), and higher prevalence of depression at 18 years of age (OR, 7.44; 95% CI, 2.89-19.11).Conclusions and relevancePersistent and severe PND substantially raises the risk for adverse outcome on all child measures. Meeting criteria for depression both early and late in the postnatal year, especially when the mood disturbance is severe, should alert health care professionals to a depression that is likely to be persistent and to be associated with an especially elevated risk of multiple adverse child outcomes. Treatment for this group should be prioritized.

Dataset Information

Maternal postnatal depression and child growth: a European cohort study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Maternal postnatal depression and child growth: a European cohort study.

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