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Dioxin exposure disrupts the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

ABSTRACT: Experimental exposure of fish, birds, and rodents to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) causes multiple Ah receptor-mediated developmental abnormalities, an observation consistent with compelling evidence in human populations that TCDD exposure is responsible for a significant incidence of birth defects. To characterize molecular mechanisms that might explain the developmental effects of dioxin, we have studied the consequences of TCDD exposure on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in culture and on the expression of genes, including those coding for homeodomain containing transcription factors, with a role in progression of tissue differentiation and embryonic identity during development. We find that TCDD treatment causes expression changes in a number of homeobox genes concomitant with Ah receptor recruitment to the promoters of many of these genes, whether under naïve or dioxin-activated conditions. TCDD exposure also derails temporal expression trajectories of developmentally regulated genes in a wide diversity of differentiation pathways, including genes with functions in neural and cardiovascular development, self-renewal, hematopoiesis and mesenchymal lineage specification, and Notch and Wnt pathways. Among these, we find that TCDD represses the expression of the cardiac development-specific Nkx2.5 homeobox transcription factor, of cardiac troponin-T and of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains, inhibiting the formation of beating cardiomyocytes, a characteristic phenotype of differentiating mouse ES cells in culture. These data identify potential pathways for dioxin to act as a developmental teratogen, possibly critical to cardiovascular development and disease, and provide molecular targets that may help us understand the molecular basis of Ah receptor-mediated developmental toxicity.

SUBMITTER: Wang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2855359 | biostudies-literature | 2010 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dioxin exposure disrupts the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

Wang Ying Y Fan Yunxia Y Puga Alvaro A

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20100203 1

Experimental exposure of fish, birds, and rodents to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) causes multiple Ah receptor-mediated developmental abnormalities, an observation consistent with compelling evidence in human populations that TCDD exposure is responsible for a significant incidence of birth defects. To characterize molecular mechanisms that might explain the developmental effects of dioxin, we have studied the consequences of TCDD exposure on the differentiation of mouse emb ...[more]

PMID: 20130022

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Project description:BackgroundEmbryonic Sertoli cells (eSCs) play an important role in sex determination and in male gonad development which makes them a very useful cell type for therapeutic applications. However, the deriving mechanism of Sertoli cells has been unclear and challenging to create a large number of quality eSCs. Therefore, this study aimed to create the eSCs induced from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells by regulating defined factors and to explore the relevant regulatory mechanism.MethodsSix inducing factors, Sry, Sox9, SF1, WT1, GATA4, and Dmrt1, were respectively transduced into mES cells by lentiviral infection according to the experimental design. The test groups were identified by development stage-specific markers, AMH, Emx2, SF1, and FasL, using flow cytometry. Induced eSCs were determined by FasL and AMH biomarkers under immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. Moreover, the pluripotency markers, gonad development-related markers, epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers in test groups were transcriptionally determined by qPCR.ResultsIn this study, the co-overexpression of all the six factors effectively produced a large population of eSCs from mES cells in 35 days of culturing. These eSCs were capable of forming tubular-like and ring-like structures with functional performance. The results of flow cytometry indicated that the upregulation of GATA4 and WT1 contributed to the growth of somatic cells in the coelomic epithelium regarded as the main progenitor cells of eSCs. Whereas, SF1 facilitated the development of eSC precursor cells, and Sry and Sox9 promoted the determination of male development. Moreover, the overexpression of Dmrt1 was essential for the maintenance of eSCs and some of their specific surface biomarkers such as FasL. The cellular morphology, biomarker identification, and transcriptomic analysis aided in exploring the regulatory mechanism of deriving eSCs from mES cells.ConclusionConclusively, we have elucidated a differentiation roadmap of eSCs derived from mES cells with a relevant regulatory mechanism. Through co-overexpression of all these six factors, a large population of eSCs was successfully induced occupying 24% of the whole cell population (1 × 105 cells/cm2). By adopting this approach, a mass of embryonic Sertoli cells can be generated for the purpose of co-culture technique, organ transplantation, gonadal developmental and sex determination researches.

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Dioxin exposure disrupts the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

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Dioxin exposure disrupts the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

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