Association of physical exercise and calcium intake with bone mass measured by quantitative ultrasound.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Interventions other than medications in the management of osteoporosis are often overlooked. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity and calcium intake with bone parameters.Methods
We measured the heel T-score and stiffness index (SI) in 1890 pre- and postmenopausal women by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and assessed physical activity and dietary calcium intake by questionnaire. Participants were divided according to their weekly physical activity (sedentary, moderately active, systematically active) and daily calcium consumption (greater than or less than 800 mg/day).Results
SI values were significantly different among premenopausal groups (p = 0.016) and between sedentary and systematically active postmenopausal women (p = 0.039). QUS T-scores in systematically active premenopausal women with daily calcium intake > 800 mg/day were significantly higher than those in all other activity groups (p < 0.05) independent of calcium consumption.Conclusions
Systematic physical activity and adequate dietary calcium intake are indicated for women as a means to maximize bone status benefits.
SUBMITTER: Dionyssiotis Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2858094 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background: Due to the increased prevalence of osteoporosis and direct health care cost of osteoporosis-related fractures, there is a growing interest in identifying genetic markers associated with osteoporosis phenotypes in order to develop genetic screening strategies. We aimed to analyze the possible associations between calcaneal Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), a valuable screening tool for assessing bone status in clinical practice, and ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) genes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 healthy individuals of Caucasian ancestry (381 females and 169 males, median age 20.46±2,69). Bone mass was assessed through QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray® technology. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that rs7524102 and rs6426749 in ZBTB40, and rs9533090 in AKAP11 were significantly associated with the calcaneal QUS parameter after adjustments for age, sex, weight, height, physical activity, and calcium intake (p=0.038, p=0.012 and p=0.008, respectively). After applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p=0.012), only the association of rs9533090 in AKAP11 remained significant. Conclusion:AKAP11 gene (rs9533090) influences QUS trait in a population of Caucasian young adults. The rs9533090 SNP may be considered a factor affecting peak bone mass acquisition.
| S-EPMC6036159 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: The gene encoding oestrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) appears to regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and other determinants of osteoporotic fracture risk. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between common polymorphisms and haplotypes of the ESR1 gene and osteoporosis related phenotypes in a population based cohort of 3054 Scottish women. RESULTS: There was a significant association between a common haplotype "px", defined by the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms within intron 1 of the ESR1 gene, and femoral neck bone loss in postmenopausal women who had not received hormone replacement therapy (n = 945; p = 0.009). Annual rates of femoral neck bone loss were approximately 14% higher in subjects who carried one copy of px and 22% higher in those who carried two copies, compared with those who did not carry the px haplotype. The px haplotype was associated with lower femoral neck BMD in the postmenopausal women (p = 0.02), and with reduced calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) values in the whole study population (p = 0.005). There was no association between a TA repeat polymorphism in the ESR1 promoter and any phenotype studied, though on long range haplotype analysis subjects with a smaller number of TA repeats who also carried the px haplotype had reduced BUA values. CONCLUSIONS: The ESR1px haplotype is associated with reduced hip BMD values and increased rates of femoral neck bone loss in postmenopausal women. An association with BUA may explain the fact that ESR1 intron 1 alleles predict osteoporotic fractures by a mechanism partly independent of differences in BMD.
| S-EPMC1736016 | biostudies-other
Project description:Exercise has long-lasting benefits to bone health that may help prevent fractures by increasing bone mass, bone strength, and tissue quality. Long-term exercise of 6-12 weeks in rodents increases bone mass and bone strength. However, in growing mice, a short-term exercise program of 3 weeks can limit increases in bone mass and structural strength, compared to non-exercised controls. Short-term exercise can, however, increase tissue strength, suggesting that exercise may create competition for minerals that favors initially improving tissue-level properties over structural-level properties. It was therefore hypothesized that adding calcium and phosphorus supplements to the diet may prevent decreases in bone mass and structural strength during a short-term exercise program, while leading to greater bone mass and structural strength than exercise alone after a long-term exercise program. A short-term exercise experiment was done for 3 weeks, and a long-term exercise experiment was done for 8 weeks. For each experiment, male 16-week old C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 4 weight-matched groups-exercise and non-exercise groups fed a control or mineral-supplemented diet. Exercise consisted of treadmill running at 12 m/min, 30 min/day for 7 days/week. After 3 weeks, exercised mice fed the supplemented diet had significantly increased tibial tissue mineral content (TMC) and cross-sectional area over exercised mice fed the control diet. After 8 weeks, tibial TMC, cross-sectional area, yield force, and ultimate force were greater from the combined treatments than from either exercise or supplemented diet alone. Serum markers of bone formation (PINP) and resorption (CTX) were both decreased by exercise on day 2. In exercised mice, day 2 PINP was significantly positively correlated with day 2 serum Ca, a correlation that was weaker and negative in non-exercised mice. Increasing dietary mineral consumption during an exercise program increases bone mass after 3 weeks and increases structural strength after 8 weeks, making bones best able to resist fracture.
| S-EPMC4805202 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Osteoporosis is a common and debilitating bone disease that is characterised by low bone mineral density, typically assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), commonly utilising the two parameters velocity of sound (VOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), is an alternative technology used to assess bone properties at peripheral skeletal sites. The genetic influence on the bone qualities assessed by QUS remains an under-studied area. We performed a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) including low-frequency variants (minor allele frequency ≥0.005) for BUA and VOS using a discovery population of individuals with whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from the UK10K project (n = 1268). These results were then meta-analysed with those from two deeply imputed GWAS replication cohorts (n = 1610 and 13 749). In the gender-combined analysis, we identified eight loci associated with BUA and five with VOS at the genome-wide significance level, including three novel loci for BUA at 8p23.1 (PPP1R3B), 11q23.1 (LOC387810) and 22q11.21 (SEPT5) (P = 2.4 × 10-8 to 1.6 × 10-9). Gene-based association testing in the gender-combined dataset revealed eight loci associated with BUA and seven with VOS after correction for multiple testing, with one novel locus for BUA at FAM167A (8p23.1) (P = 1.4 × 10-6). An additional novel locus for BUA was seen in the male-specific analysis at DEFB103B (8p23.1) (P = 1.8 × 10-6). Fracture analysis revealed significant associations between variation at the WNT16 and RSPO3 loci and fracture risk (P = 0.004 and 4.0 × 10-4, respectively). In conclusion, by performing a large GWAS meta-analysis for QUS parameters of bone using a combination of WGS and deeply imputed genotype data, we have identified five novel genetic loci associated with BUA.
| S-EPMC5886185 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity or biomarker-calibrated energy intake (EI) alone is associated with mortality in older adults; the interaction relationship between the combined use of both factors and mortality has not been examined. We evaluated the relationship between mortality and calibrated EI and step counts in older adults.MethodsThis prospective study included 4,159 adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the Kyoto-Kameoka study in Japan and wore a triaxial accelerometer between 1 April and 15 November 2013. The calibrated EI was calculated based on a previously developed equation using EI biomarkers. The step count was obtained from the accelerometer ≥ 4 days. Participants were classified into the following four groups: low EI (LEI)/low step counts (LSC) group (EI: <2,400 kcal/day in men and <1,900 kcal/day in women; steps: <5,000 /day), n = 1,352; high EI (HEI)/LSC group (EI: ≥2,400 kcal/day in men and ≥1,900 kcal/day in women; steps: <5,000 /day), n = 1,586; LEI/high step counts (HSC) group (EI: <2,400 kcal/day in men and < 1,900 kcal/day in women; steps: ≥5,000 /day), n = 471; and HEI/HSC group (EI: ≥2,400 kcal/day in men and ≥1,900 kcal/day in women; steps: ≥5,000 /day), n = 750. Mortality-related data were collected until 30 November 2016. We performed a multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 3.38 years (14,046 person-years), and 111 mortalities were recorded. After adjusting for confounders, the HEI/HSC group had the lowest all-cause mortality rate compared to other groups (LEI/LSC: reference; HEI/LSC: hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-1.23; LEI/HSC: HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.29-1.19; and HEI/HSC: HR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.76). No significant interaction was observed between the calibrated EI and steps with mortality. The spline model showed that 35-42 kcal/100 steps/day of EI/100 steps was associated with the lowest mortality risk.ConclusionsHR mortality risk was lowest at 35-42 kcal/100 steps/day, suggesting that very high (≥56 kcal) or low (<28 kcal) EI/100 steps are not inversely associated with mortality. Adherence to optimal EI and adequate physical activity may provide sufficient energy balance to explain the inverse association with mortality among older Japanese adults.
| S-EPMC10749503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies investigating the effect of the caudal-type homeobox protein 2 (Cdx2) polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene and calcium intake on bone mass have shown inconsistent results. This study investigated whether the effect of calcium intake on peak bone mass is affected by Cdx2 polymorphism in young Japanese women. A cross-sectional study of 500 young women was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The osteo sono-assessment index (OSI), assessed by the qualitative ultrasound method, was used as a bone mass index. The subjects were divided into two groups by the median calcium intake. The OSI was not different among Cdx2 genotypes and between calcium groups (p = 0.960, p = 0.191, respectively). The interaction between calcium and Cdx2 genotypes on the OSI approached significance (GG versus GA and AA genotypes, p = 0.092). The difference in the OSI between calcium groups was significant in the GG genotype (p = 0.028), but not in the GA or AA genotypes (p = 0.501, p = 0.306, respectively). Adjustment for covariates (body mass index and physical activity) did not change the results. In conclusion, the relationship between dietary calcium intake and peak bone mass may vary according to Cdx2 polymorphism.
| S-EPMC7019402 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Trabecular bone (Tb) is used for rapid exchange of calcium (Ca) in times of physiologic need and the site-specific characteristics of Tb may explain why certain sites are more vulnerable to osteoporosis. We hypothesized that peak trabecular bone mass (PTBM) and Tb microarchitecture are differentially regulated by dietary Ca intake, genetics, or Gene-by-Diet (GxD) interactions at the distal femur and the fifth lumbar (L5) vertebra. Male mice from 62 genetically distinct lines were fed basal (0.5%) or low (0.25%) Ca diets from 4 to 12 wks of age. Afterwards, the right femur and L5 vertebra were removed and trabecular bone was analyzed by μCT. In mice fed the basal diet, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and connectivity density (Conn.D) were significantly higher in the L5 vertebra than femur. Femur Tb had a weaker, more rod-like structure than the L5 vertebrae while mice fed the low Ca diet developed rod-like structures at both sites. Dietary Ca restriction also caused a greater relative reduction of Tb.N and Conn.D in the femur than L5 vertebra, i.e. it was more harmful to the integrity of Tb microarchitecture in femur. Genetics was a major determinant of Tb at both sites, e.g. heritability of BV/TV on the basal diet = 0.65 (femur) and 0.68 (L5 vertebra). However, while GxD interactions altered the impact of dietary Ca restriction on Tb parameters at both sites, the effect was not uniform, e.g. some lines had site-specific responses to Ca restriction. The significance of our work is that there are site-specific effects of dietary Ca restriction and genetics that work independently and interactively to influence the attainment of PTBM and Tb microarchitecture.
| S-EPMC6604851 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Achieving a high bone mass during childhood and adolescence is important for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. Herein, the purpose was to assess the relationship of various lifestyle factors and bone outcomes in school children. In 248 girls (13.4 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 20.2 ± 4.8 kg m-2) and 231 boys (13.6 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 19.3 ± 3.3 kg m-2), bone mass (stiffness index, SI; calcaneal quantitative ultrasonometry), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity level (PAL; standardized questionnaire) were assessed. The individual food intake of eight food groups was related to the German recommendations (Bone Healthy Eating Index, BoneHEI; 0-100 points). Relationships between SI and lifestyle factors (Spearman´s rank correlation) and the influence of the factors on the variance of SI (multiple linear regression) were tested (? = 0.05). SI correlated with age, BMI, absolute fat-free mass, relative fat mass, PAL, and puberty category score in both girls and boys (r = 0.18-0.56, p < 0.01), but not with BoneHEI (p > 0.05). Age, absolute fat-free mass, sex, and PAL explained 35% of the variance of SI (p < 0.0001): SI = -0.60 + 2.97?age (years) + 0.65?fat-free mass (kg) + 6.21?sex (0 = male, 1 = female) + 17.55?PAL. Besides age and sex, PAL and fat-free mass are important factors relating to bone health. School children should perform regular physical activity to improve their bone status.
| S-EPMC7579391 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Calcium is an essential element in our diet and the most abundant mineral in the body. A high proportion of Chinese residents are not meeting dietary calcium recommendations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between calcium intake and the health of residents in two longitudinal studies of Chinese residents. Methods: This study used nationally representative data from the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition, and Chronic Non-communicable Disease Study (HDNNCDS) and China Health Nutrition Survey (CHNS), including 6,499 and 8,140 Chinese adults, respectively, who were free of chronic diseases at recruitment, with mean values of 4.2- and 5.3-year follow-up. Cox's proportional-hazards regression was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary calcium intake and the incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with adjustment for covariates. Results: Calcium intakes were 451.35 ± 203.56 and 484.32 ± 198.61 (mean ± SD) mg/day in HDNNCDS and CHNS. After adjusting the covariates, the relationship between dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) was not statistically significant (p = 0.110). In the multivariate-adjusted Cox's proportional-hazards regression model, dietary calcium intakes were inversely associated with obesity incidence in both cohorts (HR [95% CI]: 0.61 [0.48-0.77] and p trend < 0.001 in fixed-effects model); nevertheless, there was no correlation between dietary calcium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (p trend = 0.442 and 0.759) and CVD (p trend = 0.826 and 0.072). The relationship between dietary calcium intake and the risk of hypertension in the two cohorts was inconsistent (p trend = 0.012 and 0.559). Additionally, after further adjusting the vegetable intake in the original multivariate model, both cohorts found no association between dietary calcium intake and the risk of developing obesity (p trend = 0.084 and 0.444). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the current calcium intake of Chinese residents was inversely associated with obesity, which may be related to consumption of vegetables. Meanwhile, the current calcium intake does not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD, and bone health burden. This research suggested that the Chinese current calcium intake level may have met the needs of the body.
| S-EPMC8740131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, whose severe form is associated with oxidative stress. Vitamin E as an antioxidant has a protective potential in NAFLD. Whether dietary intake of vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E have a preventive effect on NAFLD requires investigation. A cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020) was conducted. Vitamin E intake, including dietary vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E, was obtained from the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The extent of hepatic steatosis was measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography and presented as controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) scores. Participants were diagnosed with NAFLD based on CAP threshold values of 288 dB/m and 263 dB/m. The statistical software R and survey-weighted statistical models were used to examine the association between vitamin E intake and hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. Overall, 6122 participants were included for NAFLD analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty level index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vigorous recreational activity, body mass index, abdominal circumference, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and supplementary vitamin E use, dietary vitamin E was inversely associated with NAFLD. The corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of NAFLD for dietary vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile were 0.9592 (0.9340-0.9851, P = 0.0039) and 0.5983 (0.4136-0.8654, P = 0.0091) (Ptrend = 0.0056). Supplementary vitamin E was significantly inversely associated with NAFLD (fully adjusted model: OR = 0.6565 95% CI 0.4569-0.9432, P = 0.0249). A marginal improvement in total vitamin E for NAFLD was identified. The ORs (95% CIs, P) for the total vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model were 0.9669 (0.9471-0.9871, P = 0.0029) and 0.6743 (0.4515-1.0071, P = 0.0538). Sensitivity analysis indicated these findings were robust. The protective effects of vitamin E significantly differed in the stratum of hyperlipidemia (Pinteraction < 0.05). However, no statistically significant results were identified when the threshold value was set as 263 dB/m. Vitamin E intake, encompassing both dietary and supplemental forms, as well as total vitamin E intake, demonstrated a protective association with NAFLD. Augmenting dietary intake of vitamin E proves advantageous in the prevention of NAFLD, particularly among individuals devoid of hyperlipidemia.
| S-EPMC10831069 | biostudies-literature