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Argon neuroprotection.

ABSTRACT: Certain noble gases, though inert, exhibit remarkable biological properties. Notably, xenon and argon provide neuroprotection in animal models of central nervous system injury. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Loetscher and colleagues provided further evidence that argon may have therapeutic properties for neuronal toxicity by demonstrating protection against both traumatic and oxygen-glucose deprivation injury of organotypic hippocampal cultures in vitro. Their data are of interest as argon is more abundant, and therefore cheaper, than xenon (the latter of which is currently in clinical trials for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; TOBYXe; NCT00934700). We eagerly await in vivo data to complement the promising in vitro data hailing argon neuroprotection.

SUBMITTER: Sanders RD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2875517 | biostudies-literature | 2010

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Argon neuroprotection.

Sanders Robert D RD Ma Daqing D Maze Mervyn M

Critical care (London, England) 20100222 1

Certain noble gases, though inert, exhibit remarkable biological properties. Notably, xenon and argon provide neuroprotection in animal models of central nervous system injury. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Loetscher and colleagues provided further evidence that argon may have therapeutic properties for neuronal toxicity by demonstrating protection against both traumatic and oxygen-glucose deprivation injury of organotypic hippocampal cultures in vitro. Their data are of interest as ar ...[more]

PMID: 20236500

Similar Datasets

Neuroprotection by argon ventilation after perinatal asphyxia: a safety study in newborn piglets.

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| S-EPMC4252035 | biostudies-literature

Argon Inhalation for 24 Hours After Onset of Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Provides Neuroprotection and Improves Neurologic Outcome.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:We tested the hypothesis that prolonged inhalation of 70% argon for 24 hours after in vivo permanent or temporary stroke provides neuroprotection and improves neurologic outcome and overall recovery after 7 days. DESIGN:Controlled, randomized, double-blinded laboratory study. SETTING:Animal research laboratories. SUBJECTS:Adult Wistar male rats (n = 110). INTERVENTIONS:Rats were subjected to permanent or temporary focal cerebral ischemia via middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by inhalation of 70% argon or nitrogen in 30% oxygen for 24 hours. On postoperative day 7, a 48-point neuroscore and histologic lesion size were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:After argon inhalation for 24 hours immediately following "severe permanent ischemia" induction, neurologic outcome (neuroscore, p = 0.034), overall recovery (body weight, p = 0.02), and infarct volume (total infarct volume, p = 0.0001; cortical infarct volume, p = 0.0003; subcortical infarct volume, p = 0.0001) were significantly improved. When 24-hour argon treatment was delayed for 2 hours after permanent stroke induction or until after postischemic reperfusion treatment, neurologic outcomes remained significantly improved (neuroscore, p = 0.043 and p = 0.014, respectively), as was overall recovery (body weight, p = 0.015), compared with nitrogen treatment. However, infarct volume and 7-day mortality were not significantly reduced when argon treatment was delayed. CONCLUSIONS:Neurologic outcome (neuroscore), overall recovery (body weight), and infarct volumes were significantly improved after 24-hour inhalation of 70% argon administered immediately after severe permanent stroke induction. Neurologic outcome and overall recovery were also significantly improved even when argon treatment was delayed for 2 hours or until after reperfusion.

| S-EPMC6629476 | biostudies-literature

Stable Lithium Argon compounds under high pressure.

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| S-EPMC4652216 | biostudies-literature

Hybrid argon plasma coagulation for Barrett's esophagus.

Project description:Video 1Hybrid APC for Barrett's esophagus.

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Fate of subducted argon in the deep mantle.

Project description:The physical properties of argon (Ar) are investigated to 382?GPa and 3000?K using diamond anvil cell experiments and first-principles molecular dynamics. The estimated density of Ar is smaller that of the Preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) mantle, which indicates that the density crossover does not occur at the bottom of the lower mantle. A large volume dependence of the thermal pressure of Ar is revealed at pressures higher than 200?GPa, and a significant temperature dependence of the calculated effective Grüneisen parameters is confirmed at high pressures. A melting temperature of Ar is estimated from the calculation data and a significant pressure dependence is confirmed. If the pressure-temperature path of the subducted slab is lower than the critical condition, ~750?K and ~7.5?GPa, solid Ar can be carried down into the deep mantle. Melting of solid Ar in the upwelling mantle plume occurs at the bottom of the transition zone. Thus, solid Ar plays an important role in Ar recycling in the Earth's interior.

| S-EPMC6997185 | biostudies-literature

Rational design of an argon-binding superelectrophilic anion.

Project description:Chemically binding to argon (Ar) at room temperature has remained the privilege of the most reactive electrophiles, all of which are cationic (or even dicationic) in nature. Herein, we report a concept for the rational design of anionic superelectrophiles that are composed of a strong electrophilic center firmly embedded in a negatively charged framework of exceptional stability. To validate our concept, we synthesized the percyano-dodecoborate [B12(CN)12]2-, the electronically most stable dianion ever investigated experimentally. It serves as a precursor for the generation of the monoanion [B12(CN)11]-, which indeed spontaneously binds Ar at 298 K. Our mass spectrometric and spectroscopic studies are accompanied by high-level computational investigations including a bonding analysis of the exceptional B-Ar bond. The detection and characterization of this highly reactive, structurally stable anionic superelectrophile starts another chapter in the metal-free activation of particularly inert compounds and elements.

| S-EPMC6486711 | biostudies-literature

Argon Laser Photoablation for Treating Benign Pigmented Conjunctival Nevi.

Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the outcomes of argon laser photoablation of benign conjunctival pigmented nevi with different clinical presentations.Patients and methodsThis interventional case series was conducted between July 2014 and January 2015. Patients presenting with benign conjunctival nevi were included. Data were collected on the clinical features at presentation, argon laser photoablation, and follow-up at 8 and 24 weeks. Postoperative photography allowed recording of the success of each case and the overall success rate. Complete removal of conjunctival pigments was considered an absolute success. Partial pigmentation requiring repeat laser treatment was considered a qualified success.ResultsThere were 14 eyes (four right eyes and ten left eyes) with benign pigmented conjunctival nevi. There were three males and eight females in the study sample. The median age was 36 (25% percentile: 26 years). Three patients had bilateral lesions. The nevi were located temporally in nine eyes, nasally in three eyes, and on the inferior bulbar conjunctiva in two eyes. The mean horizontal and vertical diameters of nevi were 5 ± 2 mm and 4 ± 2.7 mm, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 5 months. Following laser treatment, no eyes had subconjunctival hemorrhage, infection, scarring, neovascularization, recurrence, or corneal damage. The absolute success rate of laser ablation was 79%. Three eyes with elevated nevi had one to three sessions of laser ablation resulting in a qualified success rate of 100%.ConclusionsArgon laser ablation was a safe and effective treatment for the treatment of selective benign pigmented conjunctival nevi in Arab patients.

| S-EPMC4968145 | biostudies-literature

Argon Adsorption on Cationic Gold Clusters Aun+ (n ≤ 20).

Project description:The interaction of Aun+ (n ≤ 20) clusters with Ar is investigated by combining mass spectrometric experiments and density functional theory calculations. We show that the inert Ar atom forms relatively strong bonds with Aun+. The strength of the bond strongly varies with the cluster size and is governed by a fine interplay between geometry and electronic structure. The chemical bond between Aun+ and Ar involves electron transfer from Ar to Au, and a stronger interaction is found when the Au adsorption site has a higher positive partial charge, which depends on the cluster geometry. Au15+ is a peculiar cluster size, which stands out for its much stronger interaction with Ar than its neighbors, signaled by a higher abundance in mass spectra and a larger Ar adsorption energy. This is shown to be a consequence of a low-coordinated Au adsorption site in Au15+, which possesses a large positive partial charge.

| S-EPMC8272223 | biostudies-literature

Nanotextured Shrink Wrap Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Argon Plasma Etching.

Project description:We present a rapid, simple, and scalable approach to achieve superhydrophobic (SH) substrates directly in commodity shrink wrap film utilizing Argon (Ar) plasma. Ar plasma treatment creates a stiff skin layer on the surface of the shrink film. When the film shrinks, the mismatch in stiffness between the stiff skin layer and bulk shrink film causes the formation of multiscale hierarchical wrinkles with nano-textured features. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the presence of these biomimetic structures. Contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) measurements, respectively, defined as values greater than 150° and less than 10°, verified the SH nature of the substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to reliably pattern hydrophilic regions onto the SH substrates, allowing precise capture and detection of proteins in urine. Finally, we achieved self-driven microfluidics via patterning contrasting superhydrophilic microchannels on the SH Ar substrates to induce flow for biosensing.

| S-EPMC5456652 | biostudies-literature

Treatment outcomes of modified argon laser photocoagulation for conjunctivochalasis.

Project description:To determine the effectiveness of conjunctivoplasty using a modified argon laser photocoagulation method on patients with conjunctivochalasis (CCh). This study included 25 cases of symptomatic inferior CCh. After staining the surface of a redundant conjunctiva using a dark-purple marker, low-energy argon laser photocoagulation (500 μm spot size for 0.5 seconds at power 300 mW) was applied under topical anesthesia for a mean of 80 times. The patients were aged 67.6 ± 7.1 years (mean ± standard deviation). During a mean follow-up period of 7.8 months (range of 6-12 months), the CCh grades of 21 eyes (84%) decreased after laser conjunctivoplasty. Calculated reduction rates of grades 1, 2, and 3 were 90%, 75%, and 67%, respectively. Patient subjective symptoms were improved in 80% of cases. No postoperative complications such as conjunctival scarring or persistent ocular irritation were observed. Our modified argon laser photocoagulation method employs staining the conjunctival surface to increase the thermal laser energy absorbed by the target. This novel technique is simple and effective for treating mild-to-moderate-grade CCh in outpatient clinics.

| S-EPMC9839297 | biostudies-literature

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