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Novel fungal genera and species associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in China and the USA.

ABSTRACT: Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex cause blemishes on apple and pear fruit that result in economic losses for growers. The SBFS fungi colonise the epicuticular wax layer of pomaceous fruit but do not invade the cuticle. Fungi causing fuliginous and punctate mycelial types on apple are particularly difficult to identify based on morphological criteria because many species in the SBFS complex share the same mycelial phenotypes. We compared the morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA phylogeny (ITS, LSU) of 11 fungal strains isolated from SBFS blemishes on apple obtained from two provinces in China and five states in the USA. Parsimony analysis, supported by cultural characteristics and morphology in vitro, provided support to delimit the isolates into three novel genera, representing five new species. Phaeothecoidiella, with two species, P. missouriensis and P. illinoisensis, is introduced as a new genus with pigmented endoconidia in the Dothideomycetes. Houjia (Capnodiales) is introduced for H. pomigena and H. yanglingensis. Although morphologically similar to Stanjehughesia (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Houjia is distinct in having solitary conidiogenous cells. Sporidesmajora (Capnodiales), based on S. pennsylvaniensis, is distinguished from Sporidesmium (Sordariomycetes) in having long, multiseptate conidiophores that frequently have a subconical, darkly pigmented apical cell, and very long, multi-euseptate conidia.

SUBMITTER: Yang HL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2890162 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel fungal genera and species associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in China and the USA.

Yang H L HL Sun G Y GY Batzer J C JC Crous P W PW Groenewald J Z JZ Gleason M L ML

Persoonia 20100210

Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex cause blemishes on apple and pear fruit that result in economic losses for growers. The SBFS fungi colonise the epicuticular wax layer of pomaceous fruit but do not invade the cuticle. Fungi causing fuliginous and punctate mycelial types on apple are particularly difficult to identify based on morphological criteria because many species in the SBFS complex share the same mycelial phenotypes. We compared the morphology and nuclear ribosomal DN ...[more]

PMID: 20664758

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Project description:Leaf blotch caused by Alternaria spp. is a common disease in apple-producing regions. The disease is usually associated with one phylogenetic species and one species complex, Alternaria alternata and the Alternaria arborescens species complex (A. arborescens SC), respectively. Both taxa may include the Alternaria apple pathotype, a quarantine or regulated pathogen in several countries. The apple pathotype is characterized by the production of a host-selective toxin (HST) which is involved in pathogenicity towards the apple. A cluster of genes located on conditionally dispensable chromosomes (CDCs) is involved in the production of this HST (namely AMT in the case of the apple pathotype). Since 2016, leaf blotch and premature tree defoliation attributed to Alternaria spp. have been observed in apple-producing regions of central and south-eastern France. Our study aimed to identify the Alternaria species involved in apple tree defoliation and assess the presence of the apple pathotype in French orchards. From 2016 to 2018, 166 isolates were collected and identified by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). This analysis revealed that all these French isolates belonged to either the A. arborescens SC or A. alternata. Specific PCR detection targeting three genes located on the CDC did not indicate the presence of the apple pathotype in France. Pathogenicity was assessed under laboratory conditions on detached leaves of Golden Delicious and Gala apple cultivars for a representative subset of 28 Alternaria isolates. All the tested isolates were pathogenic on detached leaves of cultivars Golden Delicious and Gala, but no differences were observed between the pathogenicity levels of A. arborescens SC and A. alternata. However, the results of our pathogenicity test suggest that cultivar Golden Delicious is more susceptible than Gala to Alternaria leaf blotch. Implications in the detection of the Alternaria apple pathotype and the taxonomic assignment of Alternaria isolates involved in Alternaria leaf blotch are discussed.

Dataset Information

Novel fungal genera and species associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in China and the USA.

Publications

Novel fungal genera and species associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in China and the USA.

Similar Datasets

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