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Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of N694C lipoxygenase: a probe of the substrate activation mechanism of a nonheme ferric enzyme.

ABSTRACT: Lipoxygenases (LOs) comprise a class of substrate activating mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes which catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. A commonly proposed mechanism for LO catalysis involves H-atom abstraction by an FeIII-OH- site, best described as a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, followed by direct reaction of O2 with the resulting substrate radical to yield product. An alternative mechanism that has also been discussed involves the abstraction of a proton from the substrate by the FeIII-OH leading to a sigma-organoiron intermediate, where the subsequent sigma bond insertion of dioxygen into the C-Fe bond completes the reaction. H-atom abstraction is favored by a high E(o) of the FeII/FeIII couple and high pK(a) of water bound to the ferrous state, while an organoiron mechanism would be favored by a low E(o) (to keep the site oxidized) and a high pK(a) of water bound to the ferric state (to deprotonate the substrate). A first coordination sphere mutant of soybean LO (N694C) has been prepared and characterized by near-infrared circular dichroism (CD) and variable-temperature, variable-field (VTVH) magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies (FeII site), as well as UV/vis absorption, UV/vis CD, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies (FeIII site). These studies suggest that N694C has a lowered E degrees of the FeII/FeIII couple and a raised pKa of water bound to the ferric site relative to wild type soybean lipoxygenase-1 (WT sLO-1) which would favor the organoiron mechanism. However, the observation in N694C of a significant deuterium isotope effect, anaerobic reduction of iron by substrate, and a substantial decrease in k(cat) (approximately 3000-fold) support H-atom abstraction as the relevant substrate-activation mechanism in sLO-1.

SUBMITTER: Neidig ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2896304 | biostudies-literature | 2007 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of N694C lipoxygenase: a probe of the substrate activation mechanism of a nonheme ferric enzyme.

Neidig Michael L ML Wecksler Aaron T AT Schenk Gerhard G Holman Theodore R TR Solomon Edward I EI

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20070525 24

Lipoxygenases (LOs) comprise a class of substrate activating mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes which catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. A commonly proposed mechanism for LO catalysis involves H-atom abstraction by an FeIII-OH- site, best described as a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, followed by direct reaction of O2 with the resulting substrate radical to yield product. An alternative mechanism that has also been discussed involves the abstraction of a pr ...[more]

PMID: 17523638

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Project description:Various mechanisms have been proposed for the initial O(2) attack in intradiol dioxygenases based on different electronic descriptions of the enzyme-substrate (ES) complex. We have examined the geometric and electronic structure of the high-spin ferric ES complex of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD) with UV/visible absorption, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic CD (MCD), and variable-temperature variable-field (VTVH) MCD spectroscopies. The experimental data were coupled with DFT and INDO/S-CI calculations, and an experimentally calibrated bonding description was obtained. The broad absorption spectrum for the ES complex in the 6000-31000 cm(-1) region was resolved into at least five individual transitions, assigned as ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) from the protocatechuate (PCA) substrate and Tyr408. From our DFT calculations, all five LMCT transitions originate from the PCA and Tyr piop orbitals to the ferric dpi orbitals. The strong pi covalent donor interactions dominate the bonding in the ES complex. Using hypothetical Ga(3+)-catecholate/semiquinone complexes as references, 3,4-PCD-PCA was found to be best described as a highly covalent Fe(3+)-catecholate complex. The covalency is distributed unevenly among the four PCA valence orbitals, with the strongest interaction between the piop-sym and Fe dxz orbitals. This strong pi interaction, as reflected in the lowest energy PCA-to-Fe(3+) LMCT transition, is responsible for substrate activation for the O(2) reaction of intradiol dioxygenases. This involves a multi-electron-transfer (one beta and two alpha) mechanism, with Fe3+ acting as a buffer for the spin-forbidden two-electron redox process between PCA and O(2) in the formation of the peroxy-bridged ESO2 intermediate. The Fe ligand field overcomes the spin-forbidden nature of the triplet O(2) reaction, which potentially results in an intermediate spin state (S = 3/2) on the Fe(3+) center which is stabilized by a change in coordination along the reaction coordinate.

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Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of N694C lipoxygenase: a probe of the substrate activation mechanism of a nonheme ferric enzyme.

Publications

Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of N694C lipoxygenase: a probe of the substrate activation mechanism of a nonheme ferric enzyme.

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