Probiotics and intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in mice and humans.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Vidal M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2897524 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Probiotics and intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in mice and humans.
Vidal Magali M Forestier Christiane C Charbonnel Nicolas N Henard Sandrine S Rabaud Christian C Lesens Olivier O
Journal of clinical microbiology 20100426 7
We investigated the impact of probiotics on the intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 but not Escherichia coli Nissle reduced, although not significantly, the density of VRE colonization in a murine model. No effect of Lcr35 was observed in a double-blind placebo randomized study, involving nine patients. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The promotion of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is one potential side effect during treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), resulting from disturbances in gut microbiota. Cadazolid (CDZ) is an investigational antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against C. difficile and against VRE and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of CDAD. We report that CDZ treatment did not lead to intestinal VRE overgrowth in mice.
| S-EPMC4704215 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The phenotypes and genotypes of 22 VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci that had been isolated in Japan were examined. The VanA resistance determinant was plasmid mediated in each of the 22 strains. Of the 22 strains, 8 were isolated from different patients and 11 and 3 were obtained from different samples of chickens imported from Thailand and France, respectively. Three of the strains that were isolated from patients and the 11 strains isolated from the Thai chickens showed high-level vancomycin resistance (MICs, 512 to 1,024 micro g/ml) and low-level teicoplanin resistance (MICs, 0.5 to 4 micro g/ml). Each of these strains had three amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of the deduced VanS sequence. L50 was converted to V, E54 was converted to Q, and Q69 was converted to H compared to the vanS gene sequence of Tn1546.
| S-EPMC134378 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora and have been recognized as important human pathogens. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are global threat as this resistance is transmissible and also poses a challenge for infection control. Aim:This study was undertaken to study phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of VRE from clinically significant infections among hospitalized patients and their association with gut colonization. Materials and Methods:Clinically significant isolates of enterococci (n=250) were studied. Species confirmation was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for vancomycin was determined by E-test. PCR for VanA, VanB and VanC1 gene was done for genotypic characterization. MIC for teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin was determined by E test. Patients with VRE infection were screened for gut colonization using vancomycin screen agar (6 ?g/mL). Continuous data was analysed using the Student's t-test. Categorical data was assessed using Pearson's Chi-square test. A value of p ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:There was good correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic methods used for species identification and detection of vancomycin resistance. E. faecium (162, 64.8%) was most common followed by E. faecalis (82, 32.84%) and E. gallinarum (6, 2.4%). Overall higher resistance was observed among E. faecium. Vancomycin MIC ? 2 ?g/mL was noted in 63 (25.2%) isolates. Fifty seven isolates showed presence of vanA and vanC1 was detected in six isolates of E. gallinarum. Isolates with VanB genotype was not detected in the present study. MIC50 (?g/mL) for teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristrin was 24, 0.75, 0.064, 2 and 0.064 respectively. Resistance to linezolid (1, 1.6%) and tigecycline (2, 3.2%) was rare. Majority (33/47, 70.2%) patients with clinically significant VRE infection showed gut colonization. Conclusion:Vancomycin resistance among enterococci is emerging. Emergence of tigecycline and linezolid resistance is also posing a challenge for clinicians. Thus, further investigations are warranted to control vancomycin resistance among pathogens.
| S-EPMC5713723 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTransplant recipients are at high risk for infections. However, donor-recipient transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) remains mostly unaddressed in the protocols of pre-transplant infection and colonization screening. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are MDROs that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and are associated with a significant burden of disease. Besides the high mortality of invasive VRE infections, chronic colonization leads to costly isolation measures in the hospital setting. Whereas most post-transplantation VRE infections are endogenous and thus preceded by colonization of the recipient, conclusive evidence of VRE transmission via allograft in the context of intestinal transplantation is lacking.Case presentationWe describe a donor-derived VRE infection after intestinal transplantation including small bowel and right hemicolon. The recipient, a 54-year old male with history of mesenteric ischemia and small bowel perforation due to generalized atherosclerosis and chronic stenosis of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery, developed an intra-abdominal infection and bloodstream infection after transplantation. VRE isolates recovered from the patient as well as from the allograft prior to transplantation were analyzed via whole genome sequencing. Isolates showed to be genetically identical, thus confirming the transmission from donor to recipient.ConclusionsThis case underlines the relevance of donor-recipient VRE transmission and invasive infection in the context of intestinal transplantation, highlighting the need for preoperative MDRO screening that facilitates the prompt and effective treatment of possible infections as well as the timely establishment of contact precautions to prevent further spread.
| S-EPMC7648953 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Background Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has proved to be an efficient therapy for recurrent C. difficile infection. Its indication is currently discussed for the decolonization of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) on the basis of mice experiments. Two recent publications suggest that it could be an efficient strategy for patients colonized with digestive MDRO colonization but few data are available for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteria (CRE) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization. Methods We performed a FMT among patients colonized by CRE or VRE documented by at least 3 nonconsecutive positive swabs (including one in the week prior to the FMT). Procedure: 2 days prior to the FMT, patients received a proton pump inhibitor and a naso-duodenal tube was inserted to perform a bowel lavage with X-prep. FMT was performed with frozen feces from 4 donors previously screened for potential diseases using 5 syringes of 50 cc of feces diluted with saline. Patients were discharged after 24h and benefited of outpatient control swabs (PCR + culture) on day 7, 14, 21, 28 and each month during 3 months in order to assess the decolonization. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03029078). Results Seventeen individuals were included. Mean age was 69 ± 12.7 (SD) years. Eight patients were positive for CRE (KPC, OXA48 or NDM-1) and 9 for VRE. All suffered from severe underlying condition (hemodialysis, dementia, cirrhosis) or chronic wounds. Median functional autonomy scale was evaluated using the French Iso-Resources Groups (GIR)=4/6 IQR[3–6] supporting they were dependent persons. At 1-month follow-up, 3/8 patients were free from CRE and 5/9 from VRE. At 3-month follow-up, 3/8 patients were still free from CRE whereas 7/8 were free from VRE, considering one death from cirrhosis. Moreover, one of them received antibiotics during a week for a hospital-acquired infection a long time after FMT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion FMT seems to be an attractive option to eradicate colonization of MDRO, especially for VRE. Limited data are available in the literature to determine response factors. Meanwhile its efficacy is moderate; it provides an alternative solution to quarantine for fragile and frequently hospitalized patients. More data and a controlled trial are required. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
| S-EPMC5631534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacteria causing infections in hospitalized patients are increasingly antibiotic resistant. Classical infection control practices are only partially effective at preventing spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within hospitals. Because the density of intestinal colonization by the highly antibiotic-resistant bacterium vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) can exceed 10(9) organisms per gram of feces, even optimally implemented hygiene protocols often fail. Decreasing the density of intestinal colonization, therefore, represents an important approach to limit VRE transmission. We demonstrate that reintroduction of a diverse intestinal microbiota to densely VRE-colonized mice eliminates VRE from the intestinal tract. While oxygen-tolerant members of the microbiota are ineffective at eliminating VRE, administration of obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria to mice results in a billionfold reduction in the density of intestinal VRE colonization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of intestinal bacterial populations isolated from mice that cleared VRE following microbiota reconstitution revealed that recolonization with a microbiota that contains Barnesiella correlates with VRE elimination. Characterization of the fecal microbiota of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation demonstrated that intestinal colonization with Barnesiella confers resistance to intestinal domination and bloodstream infection with VRE. Our studies indicate that obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the Barnesiella genus enable clearance of intestinal VRE colonization and may provide novel approaches to prevent the spread of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
| S-EPMC3584866 | biostudies-other
Project description:Currently, effective options are needed to fight vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). The present study shows that combinations of phage and vancomycin are highly efficient against VRE, despite being resistant to the antibiotic. Vancomycin-phage EFLK1 (anti-E. faecalis phage) synergy was assessed against VRE planktonic and biofilm cultures. The effect of the combined treatment on VRE biofilms was determined by evaluating the viable counts and biomass and then visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell wall peptidoglycan was stained after phage treatment, visualized by confocal microscopy and quantified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The combined treatment was synergistically effective compared to treatment with phage or antibiotic alone, both in planktonic and biofilm cultures. Confocal microscopy and FACS analysis showed that fluorescence intensity of phage-treated bacteria increased eight-fold, suggesting a change in the peptidoglycan of the cell wall. Our results indicate that with combined treatment, VRE strains are not more problematic than sensitive strains and thus give hope in the continuous struggle against the current emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens.
| S-EPMC6833023 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multidrug-resistant bacteria represent one of the most important health care problems worldwide. While there are numerous drugs available for standard therapy, there are only a few compounds capable of serving as a last resort for severe infections. Therefore, approaches to control multidrug-resistant bacteria must be implemented. Here, a strategy of reactivating the established glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin by structural modification with polycationic peptides and subsequent fatty acid conjugation to overcome the resistance of multidrug-resistant bacteria was followed. This study especially focuses on the structure-activity relationship, depending on the modification site and fatty acid chain length. The synthesized conjugates showed high antimicrobial potential on vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We were able to demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of the vancomycin-lipopeptide conjugates depends on the chain length of the attached fatty acid. All conjugates showed good cytocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Radiolabeling enabled the in vivo determination of pharmacokinetics in Wistar rats by molecular imaging and biodistribution studies. An improved biodistribution profile in comparison to unmodified vancomycin was observed. While vancomycin is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, the most potent conjugate shows a hepatobiliary excretion profile. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential of the structural modification of already established antibiotics to provide highly active compounds for tackling multidrug-resistant bacteria.
| S-EPMC7345083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To investigate the possible spread of vancomycin resistance among enterococci through horizontal gene transfer between two sources of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from farm animals and humans in Korea, molecular characterization of VRE isolated from poultry (20 isolates) and humans (35 isolates) was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the vanA gene cluster (Tn1546). PCR mapping of Tn1546 finally distinguished seven different transposon types (types A to G). Type A was observed only in the poultry isolates, while the other six types were present only in the human isolates. An insertion sequence and deleted sequence were detected in most of the human isolates in the orf2-vanR and vanX-vanY regions in the Tn1546-like element, but not in the poultry isolates. Tn1546-like elements were found in conjugal plasmids of most human VRE, whereas they were detected in the chromosomes of all poultry VRE. Accordingly, no evidence was found of any recent transmission of vancomycin resistance genes between poultry and humans in Korea.
| S-EPMC156543 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are highly antibiotic-resistant and readily transmissible pathogens that cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. We discovered that lithocholic acid (LCA), a secondary bile acid prevalent in the cecum and colon of mice and humans, impairs separation of growing VRE diplococci, causing the formation of long chains and increased biofilm formation. Divalent cations reversed this LCA-induced switch to chaining and biofilm formation. Experimental evolution in the presence of LCA yielded mutations in the essential two-component kinase yycG/walK and three-component response regulator liaR that locked VRE in diplococcal mode, impaired biofilm formation, and increased susceptibility to the antibiotic daptomycin. These mutant VRE strains were deficient in host colonization because of their inability to compete with intestinal microbiota. This morphotype switch presents a potential non-bactericidal therapeutic target that may help clear VRE from the intestines of dominated patients, as occurs frequently during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
| S-EPMC6939634 | biostudies-literature