Molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in captive nonhuman primates.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Levecke B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2916622 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in captive nonhuman primates.
Levecke B B Dreesen Leentje L Dorny Pierre P Verweij Jaco J JJ Vercammen Francis F Casaert Stijn S Vercruysse Jozef J Geldhof Peter P
Journal of clinical microbiology 20100623 8
This study describes the molecular identification of 520 Entamoeba-positive fecal samples from a large and diverse population of captive nonhuman primates (NHP). The results revealed the presence of Entamoeba histolytica (NHP variant only), E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E. hartmanni, E. coli, and E. polecki-like organisms. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:ObjectiveEntamoeba spp. are globally distributed zoonotic parasites that infect various hosts, among which non-human primates (NHPs) have been identified as one of the most common hosts of these parasites. Consequently, the infections of Entamoeba spp. in captive NHPs from Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo in China were investigated in order to assess their zoonotic potential.MethodsA total of 120 fresh fecal samples, including 19 species of NHPs, were collected from four breeding bases of the zoo from May to June 2019. The infections of six species of Entamoeba spp. were detected by PCR using the 16S or 18S rDNA-specific primers, and the positive samples were sequenced and analyzed.ResultsEntamoeba spp. were detected as positive in 59 NHPs fecal samples (49.17%), including five Entamoeba species: Entamoeba histolytica (7.50%), E. dispar (22.50%), E. coli (22.50%), E. chattoni (10.00%) and E. nuttalli (1.67%). Infection with one Entamoeba species was more common (35%) than co-infections (13.33%) or infections with three Entamoeba species (0.83%). There was a significantly higher prevalence rate of Entamoeba spp. in the species Pongo pygmaeus and Macaca mulatta than in Papio sp., Mandrillus sphinx, and Saimiri sciureus.ConclusionEntamoeba spp. are highly prevalent in the NHPs raised in Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo. Therefore, attention should be paid to the development of containment strategies of Entamoeba spp. in this zoological garden.
| S-EPMC9189403 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amoebic infection in non-human primates (NHPs) from six Zoological gardens in the United Kingdom. Initially, 126 faecal samples were collected from 37 individually identified NHPs at Twycross Zoo, UK, and were subjected to microscopic examination. A subsequent, nationwide experiment included 350 faecal samples from 89 individually identified NHPs and 73 unidentified NHPs from a number of UK captive wildlife facilities: Twycross Zoo (n = 60), Colchester Zoo (n = 3), Edinburgh Zoo (n = 6), Port Lympne Wild Animal Park (n = 58), Howletts Wild Animal Park (n = 31), and Cotswold Wildlife Park (n = 4). Samples were examined by PCR and sequencing using four specific primer sets designed to differentiate between the pathogenic E. histolytica, the non-pathogenic E. dispar, and non-pathogenic uninucleate cyst-producing Entamoeba species. In the first experiment, Entamoeba was detected in 30 primates (81.1%). Six (16.2%) primates were infected with E. histolytica species complex. The highest carriage of Entamoeba species was found in Old World Colobinae primates. In the nationwide experiment, molecular analysis of faecal samples revealed notable rates of Entamoeba infection (101 samples, 28.9%), including one sample infected with E. histolytica, 14 samples with E. dispar, and 86 samples with uninucleated-cyst producing Entamoeba species. Sequences of positive uninucleated-cyst producing Entamoeba samples from Twycross Zoo clustered with the E. polecki reference sequences ST4 reported in Homo sapiens, and are widely separated from other Entamoeba species. These findings suggest a low prevalence of the pathogenic Entamoeba infection, but notable prevalence of non-pathogenic E. polecki infection in NHPs in the UK.
| S-EPMC4121542 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11234763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In a recent study, we investigated cases of diarrheal disease among monkeys at a U.S. primate center. In that study, enteroviruses were detected in a high proportion of the fecal specimens tested. To determine whether the enterovirus detections represented the circulation of one or more simian enteroviruses within the colony or the transmission of human enteroviruses from animal handlers, we determined in the present study the serotype identity of each virus by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing of a portion of the VP1 gene, a region whose sequence corresponds to antigenic type. Enteroviruses were identified in 37 of 56 specimens (66%), 30 of 40 rhesus macaques, 5 of 11 pigtail macaques, 2 of 4 sooty mangabeys, and 0 of 1 chimpanzee. No previously known human viruses were detected. Three previously known simian enterovirus serotypes--SV6, SV19, and SV46--were among the viruses identified, but more than half of the identified viruses were previously unknown; these have been assigned as new types: EV92 and EV103.
| S-EPMC2546737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Malaria is a disease caused by hemoparasites of the Plasmodium genus. Non-human primates (NHP) are hosts of Plasmodium sp. around the world. Several studies have demonstrated that Plasmodium sp. emerged from Africa. However, little information is currently available about Plasmodium falciparum in the neotropical NHP and even less in Ecuador. Indeed, the objective of our study was to identify by molecular phylogenetic analyses the Plasmodium species associated with NHP from the Western Amazon region of Ecuador, and to design a molecular taxonomy protocol to use in the NHP disease ecology. Methods: We extracted DNA from faecal samples (n = 26) from nine species of captive (n = 19) and free-ranging (n = 7) NHP, collected from 2011 to 2019 in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. Results: Using a pan-Plasmodium PCR, we obtained one positive sample from an adult female Leontocebus lagonotus. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence unequivocally clustered with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: The identification of Plasmodium sp. in NHP of the Ecuadorian Amazon would be essential to identify their role as potential zoonotic reservoirs, and it is also important to identify their origin in wildlife and their transmission in captive NHP.
| S-EPMC8308908 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying age-associated changes in the heart. Heart samples (n=35) were collected from female baboons aged 7.5 to 22.1 years (human equivalent 30 to 88 years). RNA-Seq data from these samples were analyzed by weighted-gene correlation network analysis and pathway enrichment. The results revealed a metabolic shift from catabolic to anabolic pathways, leading to glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the extracellular matrix of the left ventricle through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.
2023-12-13 | GSE245036 | GEO
Project description:We characterized hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates from sera of 21 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive apes, members of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae (19 gibbon spp., 1 chimpanzee, and 1 gorilla). Sera originate from German, French, Thai, and Vietnamese primate-keeping institutions. To estimate the phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced two genomic regions, one located within the pre-S1/pre-S2 region and one including parts of the polymerase and the X protein open reading frames. By comparison with published human and ape HBV isolates, the sequences could be classified into six genomic groups. Four of these represented new genomic groups of gibbon HBV variants. The gorilla HBV isolate was distantly related to the chimpanzee isolate described previously. To confirm these findings, the complete HBV genome from representatives of each genomic group was sequenced. The HBV isolates from gibbons living in different regions of Thailand and Vietnam could be classified into four different phylogenetically distinct genomic groups. The same genomic groups were found in animals from European zoos. Therefore, the HBV infections of these apes might have been introduced into European primate-keeping facilities by direct import of already infected animals from different regions in Thailand. Taken together, our data suggest that HBV infections are indigenous in the different apes. One event involving transmission between human and nonhuman primates in the Old World of a common ancestor of human HBV genotypes A to E and the ape HBV variants might have occurred.
| S-EPMC110896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Non-human primates (NHPs) are confirmed as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In this study, 197 fresh fecal samples from 8 NHP species in Qinling Mountains, northwestern China, were collected and examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 35 (17.8%) samples were positive for tested parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp. (3.0%), G. intestinalis (2.0%), and E. bieneusi (12.7%). Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 6 fecal samples of Macaca mulatta, and were identified as C. parvum (n=1) and C. andersoni (n=5). Subtyping analysis showed Cryptosporidium spp. belonged to the C. andersoni MLST subtype (A4, A4, A4, and A1) and C. parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) subtype IId A15G2R1. G. intestinalis assemblage E was detected in 3 M. mulatta and 1 Saimiri sciureus. Intra-variations were observed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 3, 1, and 2 new subtypes found in respective locus. E. bieneusi was found in Cercopithecus neglectus (25.0%), Papio hamadrayas (16.7%), M. mulatta (16.3%), S. sciureus (10%), and Rhinopithecus roxellana (9.5%), with 5 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes: 2 known genotypes (D and BEB6) and 3 novel genotypes (MH, XH, and BSH). These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in NHPs in Qinling Mountains. This is the first report of C. andersoni in NHPs. The present study provided basic information for control of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in human and animals in this area.
| S-EPMC4566506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the anaerobic intestinal spirochetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in the feces of captive nonhuman primates (n = 35) from 19 species housed at the Zoological Gardens, Perth, Western Australia. Both spirochete species are known to infect human beings. DNA was extracted from freshly collected feces with a commercially available QIAamp DNA stool minikit and subjected to PCR protocols amplifying portions of the 16S rRNA genes of the two spirochete species. The feces were also subjected to selective culture for the spirochetes. Subsequently, feces from 62 other captive animals or birds representing 39 species at the zoo were examined by PCR to determine whether they were reservoirs of infection. Six fecal samples from individuals from four primate species (two vervet monkeys, two Tonkean macaques, one Japanese macaque, and one hamadryas baboon) tested positive in the B. aalborgi PCR. B. aalborgi was not detected by PCR in any of the other animal or bird species tested, and B. pilosicoli was not detected in the primates or any of the other animals or birds. B. aalborgi was isolated from both PCR-positive vervet monkeys. This is the first time that B. aalborgi has been isolated from nonhuman primates and the first time that it has been isolated from the feces of any species.
| S-EPMC150264 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily driven by brain accumulation of the amyloid-β-42 (Aβ42) peptide generated from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) via cleavages by β- and γ-secretase. γ-Secretase is a prime drug target for AD; however, its brain regional expression and distribution remain largely unknown. Here, we are aimed at developing molecular imaging tools for visualizing γ-secretase. We used our recently developed γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) and synthesized our GSM-based imaging agent, [11C]SGSM-15606. We subsequently performed molecular imaging in rodents, including AD transgenic animals, and macaques, which revealed that our probe displayed good brain uptake and selectivity, stable metabolism, and appropriate kinetics and distribution for imaging γ-secretase in the brain. Interestingly, rodents and macaques shared certain brain areas with high γ-secretase expression, suggesting a functional conservation of γ-secretase. Collectively, we have provided the first molecular brain imaging of γ-secretase, which may not only accelerate our drug discovery for AD but also advance our understanding of AD.
| S-EPMC7553790 | biostudies-literature