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Hybrid visibility compositing and masking for illustrative rendering.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for the compositing of interactively rendered 3D layers tailored to the needs of scientific illustration. Currently, traditional scientific illustrations are produced in a series of composition stages, combining different pictorial elements using 2D digital layering. Our approach extends the layer metaphor into 3D without giving up the advantages of 2D methods. The new compositing approach allows for effects such as selective transparency, occlusion overrides, and soft depth buffering. Furthermore, we show how common manipulation techniques such as masking can be integrated into this concept. These tools behave just like in 2D, but their influence extends beyond a single viewpoint. Since the presented approach makes no assumptions about the underlying rendering algorithms, layers can be generated based on polygonal geometry, volumetric data, point-based representations, or others. Our implementation exploits current graphics hardware and permits real-time interaction and rendering.

SUBMITTER: Bruckner S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2925605 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hybrid visibility compositing and masking for illustrative rendering.

Bruckner Stefan S Rautek Peter P Viola Ivan I Roberts Mike M Sousa Mario Costa MC Gröller M Eduard ME

Computers & graphics 20100801 4

In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for the compositing of interactively rendered 3D layers tailored to the needs of scientific illustration. Currently, traditional scientific illustrations are produced in a series of composition stages, combining different pictorial elements using 2D digital layering. Our approach extends the layer metaphor into 3D without giving up the advantages of 2D methods. The new compositing approach allows for effects such as selective transparency, occlusion ...[more]

PMID: 20862189

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Project description:IntroductionDeveloping countries can improve their pharmacovigilance systems by analysing their own medication safety data.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to characterize Uganda's reported adverse drug reaction (ADR) onsets in 2012-2015 that were registered on VigiBase® by 31 December 2017, to document delays in international visibility and the influence of covariates on this delay from ADR onsets in 2013 + 2014, to examine data quality, and to illustrate analytical approaches for safety data, particularly for patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsInternational delay was defined as elapsed time from complete ADR onset date to entry date on VigiBase®, with covariates examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Simple random sampling was used to locate the paper-based ADR forms for data quality assurance. Disproportionality for signal detection focused on serious singleton ADR onsets in patients receiving ART.ResultsUganda's VigiBase® had 1018 patient entries with complete ADR onset dates: 260 in 2012, 293 in 2013, 305 in 2014 and 160 in 2015. Only 16% (154/953) of ADR onsets in 2012-2015 were in patients aged < 20 years for whom randomly sampled ADR forms were less fully completed; 87% (889/1018) comprised a singleton sign/symptom; half were serious. Median delay from ADR onset to international visibility was 11 months for ADR onsets in 2013 + 2014, and longest for healthcare professionals other than pharmacists and physicians. Disproportionality for serious ADR onsets in patients receiving ART included anaemia with zidovudine, renal impairment with tenofovir, Stevens-Johnson syndrome with nevirapine and skin rash with efavirenz.ConclusionsBarely one ADR onset per day was registered on VigiBase® from those submitted to Uganda's National Pharmacovigilance Centre during 2012-2014; only one in six was from patients aged < 20 years. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires more emphasis in Uganda. Delays from reported ADR onset to international visibility on VigiBase® need to reduce dramatically. Quality assurance revealed rectifiable data entry deficits. Signal detection performed well for patients receiving ART.

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Hybrid visibility compositing and masking for illustrative rendering.

Publications

Hybrid visibility compositing and masking for illustrative rendering.

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