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Changes in smoking expectancies in abstinent, reducing, and non-abstinent participants during a pharmacological trial for smoking cessation.

ABSTRACT: Smoking expectancies are related to smoking consumption and predict smoking cessation. Little is known about whether expectancies change during smoking treatments, consistent with changes in smoking behavior. This study examined reported changes in smoking beliefs during an 8-week smoking cessation trial, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of the monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline hydrochloride versus placebo.Participants were classified as "Quit" (n = 18), "Reduced" (n = 34), or "Not Quit" (n = 49) by 7-day point prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment. Expectancies were assessed at randomization, 1 week after the target quit date, and at the end of treatment.Beliefs about smoking assessed prior to the quit attempt were not associated with cessation outcomes. Participants who quit smoking reported a reduction in expectations that smoking would reduce negative affect, boredom, and cravings, and facilitate social interactions, while participants who did not quit smoking reported an increase in Negative Social Impression beliefs. There were gender differences in beliefs related to Negative Affect Reduction, Negative Physical Feelings, Social Facilitation, and Cravings and significant Gender X Smoking Status interactions for Health Risk and Weight Control beliefs. There were no significant effects of medication on expectancies.Baseline expectancies were not associated with abstinence outcomes; however, expectancies changed over time with changes in smoking, and the greatest changes were seen with smoking abstinence. Information about the relationship between smoking beliefs and behaviors may be used to enhance or tailor smoking cessation treatments.

SUBMITTER: Weinberger AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2928936 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in smoking expectancies in abstinent, reducing, and non-abstinent participants during a pharmacological trial for smoking cessation.

Weinberger Andrea H AH McKee Sherry A SA George Tony P TP

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20100719 9

<h4>Introduction</h4>Smoking expectancies are related to smoking consumption and predict smoking cessation. Little is known about whether expectancies change during smoking treatments, consistent with changes in smoking behavior. This study examined reported changes in smoking beliefs during an 8-week smoking cessation trial, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of the monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline hydrochloride versus placebo.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were classified as "Quit" ...[more]

PMID: 20644207

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Project description:ImportanceThe National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) found a reduction in lung cancer mortality among participants screened with low-dose computed tomography vs chest radiography. In February 2015, Medicare announced its decision to cover annual lung screening for patients with a significant smoking history. These guidelines promote smoking cessation treatment as an adjunct to screening, but the frequency and effectiveness of clinician-delivered smoking cessation interventions delivered after lung screening are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the association between the reported clinician-delivered 5As (ask, advise, assess, assist [talk about quitting or recommend stop-smoking medications or recommend counseling], and arrange follow-up) after lung screening and smoking behavior changes.Design, setting, and participantsA matched case-control study (cases were quitters and controls were continued smokers) of 3336 NLST participants who were smokers at enrollment examined participants' rates and patterns of 5A delivery after a lung screen and reported smoking cessation behaviors.Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence of the clinician-delivered 5As and associated smoking cessation after lung screening.ResultsDelivery of the 5As 1 year after screening were as follows: ask, 77.2%; advise, 75.6%; assess, 63.4%; assist, 56.4%; and arrange follow-up, 10.4%. Receipt of ask, advise, and assess was not significantly associated with quitting in multivariate models that adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, screening results, nicotine dependence, and motivation to quit. Assist was associated with a 40% increase in the odds of quitting (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63), and arrange was associated with a 46% increase in the odds of quitting (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19-1.79).Conclusions and relevanceAssist and arrange follow-up delivered by primary care providers to smokers who were participating in the NLST were associated with increased quitting; less intensive interventions (ask, advise, and assess) were not. However, rates of assist and arrange follow-up were relatively low. Our findings confirm the need for and benefit of clinicians taking more active intervention steps in helping patients who undergo screening to quit smoking.

Project description:BackgroundEmerging evidence supports the efficacy of mobile phone interventions for smoking cessation. However, behaviour changes of smokers who fail to reach abstinence and the related psychological mechanism are still understudied. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a behaviour change theory-based smoking cessation intervention delivered through personalised text messages from the perspective of smokers who fail to reach abstinence.MethodsWe conducted a two-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled trial, with the intervention group receiving personalised text messages developed specifically for this study, and the control group receiving non-personalised ones related to smoking cessation. These messages were sent over a period of three months. We looked at three outcomes: changes in smoking frequency, in smoking amount, and in protection motivation theory (PMT) construct scores.ResultsWe obtained smoking cessation results for 722 participants who went through the randomisation process (intervention: 360, control: 362; block randomisation design). Overall, 32.3% of baseline daily smokers in the intervention group and 20.0% in the control group changed to weekly smokers during the follow-up period (P < 0.001), while 43.4% of consistent daily smokers in the intervention group and 32.8% in the control group continuously reduced their smoking amount (P < 0.001). We observed associations between the intrinsic rewards of smoking and changes from daily to weekly smoking, the perceived severity of smoking and reductions in smoking amount, as well as the self-efficacy of quitting and changes from daily to weekly smoking/reductions in smoking amount.ConclusionsWe found that a personalised text message-based intervention was more likely to decrease the frequency and amount of smoking in smokers who failed to reach abstinence compared to a non-personalised one. We also explored the possible psychological mechanism of such positive effects. Here we provide evidence for countries to consider the promotion of smoking cessations using behaviour theory-driven personalised text messages, which may be more cost-effective than traditional approaches.RegistrationPeking University: ChiCTR2100041942.

Project description:BackgroundCigarette smoking is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. Understanding smokers' responses to the pandemic will help assess its public health impact and inform future public health and provider messages to smokers.ObjectiveTo assess risk perceptions and change in tobacco use among current and former smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in May-July 2020 (55% response rate) PARTICIPANTS: 694 current and former daily smokers (mean age 53, 40% male, 78% white) who had been hospitalized pre-COVID-19 and enrolled into a smoking cessation clinical trial at hospitals in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.Main measuresPerceived risk of COVID-19 due to tobacco use; changes in tobacco consumption and interest in quitting tobacco use; self-reported quitting and relapse since January 2020.Key results68% (95% CI, 65-72%) of respondents believed that smoking increases the risk of contracting COVID-19 or having a more severe case. In adjusted analyses, perceived risk was higher in Massachusetts where COVID-19 had already surged than in Pennsylvania and Tennessee which were pre-surge during survey administration (AOR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.07-2.28). Higher perceived COVID-19 risk was associated with increased interest in quitting smoking (AOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.92). During the pandemic, 32% (95% CI, 27-37%) of smokers increased, 37% (95% CI, 33-42%) decreased, and 31% (95% CI, 26-35%) did not change their cigarette consumption. Increased smoking was associated with higher perceived stress (AOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16-1.91). Overall, 11% (95% CI, 8-14%) of respondents who smoked in January 2020 (pre-COVID-19) had quit smoking at survey (mean, 6 months later) while 28% (95% CI, 22-34%) of former smokers relapsed. Higher perceived COVID-19 risk was associated with higher odds of quitting and lower odds of relapse.ConclusionsMost smokers believed that smoking increased COVID-19 risk. Smokers' responses to the pandemic varied, with increased smoking related to stress and increased quitting associated with perceived COVID-19 vulnerability.

Dataset Information

Changes in smoking expectancies in abstinent, reducing, and non-abstinent participants during a pharmacological trial for smoking cessation.

Publications

Changes in smoking expectancies in abstinent, reducing, and non-abstinent participants during a pharmacological trial for smoking cessation.

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