Dataset Information

Multiple domains of ADAMTS13 are targeted by autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Type G immunoglobulins against ADAMTS13 are the primary cause of acquired (idiopathic) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, the domains of ADAMTS13 which the type G anti-ADAMT13 immunoglobulins target have not been investigated in a large cohort of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Design and methods

Sixty-seven patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were prospectively collected from three major U.S. centers. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined plasma concentrations of anti-ADAMTS13 type G immunoglobulins, whereas immunoprecipitation plus western blotting determined the binding domains of these type G immunoglobulins.

Results

Plasma anti-ADAMTS13 type G immunoglobulins from 67 patients all bound full-length ADAMTS13 and a variant truncated after the eighth TSP1 repeat (delCUB). Approximately 97% (65/67) of patients harbored type G immunoglobulins targeted against a variant truncated after the spacer domain (MDTCS). However, only 12% of patients' samples reacted with a variant lacking the Cys-rich and spacer domains (MDT). In addition, approximately 37%, 31%, and 46% of patients' type G immunoglobulins interacted with the ADAMTS13 fragment containing TSP1 2-8 repeats (T2-8), CUB domains, and TSP1 5-8 repeats plus CUB domains (T5-8CUB), respectively. The presence of type G immunoglobulins targeted against the T2-8 and/or CUB domains was inversely correlated with the patients' platelet counts on admission.

Conclusions

This multicenter study further demonstrated that the multiple domains of ADAMTS13, particularly the Cys-rich and spacer domains, are frequently targeted by anti-ADAMTS13 type G immunoglobulins in patients with acquired (idiopathic) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Our data shed more light on the pathogenesis of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and provide further rationales for adjunctive immunotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Zheng XL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2930958 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Multiple domains of ADAMTS13 are targeted by autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Zheng X Long XL Wu Haifeng M HM Shang Dezhi D Falls Erica E Skipwith Christopher G CG Cataland Spero R SR Bennett Charles L CL Kwaan Hau C HC

Haematologica 20100407 9

<h4>Background</h4>Type G immunoglobulins against ADAMTS13 are the primary cause of acquired (idiopathic) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, the domains of ADAMTS13 which the type G anti-ADAMT13 immunoglobulins target have not been investigated in a large cohort of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.<h4>Design and methods</h4>Sixty-seven patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were prospectively collected from three major U.S. centers. An e ...[more]

PMID: 20378566

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Project description:BackgroundAcquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autoimmune disease in which anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies cause severe enzyme deficiency. ADAMTS13 deficiency causes the loss of regulation of von Willebrand factor multimeric size and platelet-tethering function, which results in the formation of disseminated microvascular platelet microthrombi. Precisely how anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, or antibody subsets, cause ADAMTS13 deficiency (ADAMTS13 activity generally < 10%) has not been formally investigated.MethodsWe analysed 92 acquired TTP episodes at presentation, through treatment and remission/relapse using epitope mapping and functional analyses to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of anti-ADAMTS13 IgG.Results89/92 of TTP episodes had IgG recognising the ADAMTS13 N-terminal domains. The central spacer domain was the only N-terminal antigenic target detected. 38/92 TTP episodes had autoantibodies recognising the N-terminal domains alone; 54/92 TTP episodes also had antibodies against the ADAMTS13 C-terminal domains (TSP2-8 and/or CUB domains). Changes in autoantibody specificity were detected in 9/16 patients at relapse, suggesting a continued development of the disease. Functional analyses on IgG from 43 patients revealed inhibitory IgG were limited to anti-spacer domain antibodies. However, 15/43 patients had autoantibodies with no detectable inhibitory action and as many as 32/43 patients had autoantibodies with inhibitory function that was insufficient to account for the severe deficiency state, suggesting that in many patients there is an alternative pathogenic mechanism. We therefore analysed plasma ADAMTS13 antigen levels in 91 acquired TTP presentation samples. We demonstrated markedly reduced ADAMTS13 antigen levels in all presentation samples, median 6% normal (range 0-47%), with 84/91 patients having < 25% ADAMTS13 antigen. ADAMTS13 antigen in the lowest quartile at first presentation was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 5.7).ConclusionsAnti-spacer domain autoantibodies are the major inhibitory antibodies in acquired TTP. However, depletion of ADAMTS13 antigen (rather than enzyme inhibition) is a dominant pathogenic mechanism. ADAMTS13 antigen levels at presentation have prognostic significance. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of acquired TTP.

Project description:BackgroundThe acquired form of idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autoimmune disease, in which the underlying deficiency of the ADAMTS13 protease is caused by autoantibodies, predominantly of the IgG isotype. Certain HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes were associated with the risk of developing TTP.ObjectivesTo investigate the development of the ADAMTS13-specific antibody response during the course of the disease, we analyzed the concentration, subclass distribution, and inhibitory potential of anti-ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies in samples of TTP patients drawn during the first acute phase, in remission, and during relapse. Additionally, we compared the anti-ADAMTS13 IgG levels between patients carrying and not carrying risk and protective HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes.Patients and methodsWe determined the anti-ADAMTS13 IgG concentration and subclass distribution in 101 antibody-positive samples of 81 acquired TTP patients by ELISA methods. The presence and semi-quantitative amount of anti-ADAMTS13 inhibitors were determined in 97 of 100 deficient samples, and the specific inhibitory potential of anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies was determined in 49 selected samples, by mixing ADAMTS13-activity assays. HLA-DR-DQ typing and haplotype prediction were performed in 70 of the above patients.ResultsWe found that IgG1 and IgG4 were the predominant subclasses, present in almost all samples. While IgG1 was the dominant subclass in almost half of the samples taken during the first acute episode, IgG4 was dominant in all samples taken during or following a relapse. The inhibitory potential of the samples correlated with levels of the IgG4 subclass. Anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies of IgG4-dominant samples had higher specific inhibitory potentials than IgG1-dominant samples, independently of disease stage. Interestingly, we found that patients carrying the protective DR7-DQ2 and DR13-DQ6 haplotypes had higher anti-ADAMTS13 IgG levels.ConclusionOur results indicate that IgG4 becomes the dominant subtype at some point of the disease course, apparently before the first relapse, parallel to the increase in inhibitory potential of the anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. Furthermore, we found an association between the genetic background and the antibody response in TTP.

Project description:Approximately 40% of patients who survive acute episodes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with severe acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency experience one or more relapses. Risk factors for relapse other than severe ADAMTS13 deficiency and ADAMTS13 autoantibodies are unknown. ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, TTP episodes following infection or type I interferon treatment and reported ensuing systemic lupus erythematosus in some patients suggest immune dysregulation. This cross-sectional study asked whether autoantibodies against RNA-binding proteins or peripheral blood gene expression profiles measured during remission are associated with history of prior relapse in acquired ADAMTS13-deficient TTP. Peripheral blood from 38 well-characterized patients with autoimmune ADAMTS13-deficient TTP in remission was examined for autoantibodies and global gene expression. A subset of TTP patients (9 patients, 24%) exhibited a peripheral blood gene signature composed of elevated ribosomal transcripts that associated with prior relapse. A non-overlapping subset of TTP patients (9 patients, 24%) displayed a peripheral blood type I interferon gene signature that associated with autoantibodies to RNA-binding proteins but not with history of relapse. Patients who had relapsed bimodally expressed higher HLA transcript levels independently of ribosomal transcripts. Presence of any one potential risk factor (ribosomal gene signature, elevated HLA-DRB1, elevated HLA-DRB5) associated with relapse (OR = 38.4; p = 0.0002) more closely than any factor alone or all factors together. Levels of immune transcripts typical of natural killer (NK) and T lymphocytes positively correlated with ribosomal gene expression and number of prior episodes but not with time since the most recent episode. Flow cytometry confirmed elevated expression of cell surface markers encoded by these transcripts on T and/or NK cell subsets of patients who had relapsed. These data associate elevated ribosomal and immune transcripts with relapse history in acquired, ADAMTS13-deficient TTP.

Dataset Information

Multiple domains of ADAMTS13 are targeted by autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Background

Design and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Multiple domains of ADAMTS13 are targeted by autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Similar Datasets

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