Porcine skin-derived stem cells can serve as donor cells for nuclear transfer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hao Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC2936952 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundSomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used widely in cloning, stem cell research, and regenerative medicine. The type of donor cells is a key factor affecting the SCNT efficiency.ObjectivesThis study examined whether urine-derived somatic cells could be used as donors for SCNT in pigs.MethodsThe viability of cells isolated from urine was assessed using trypan blue and propidium iodide staining. The H3K9me3/H3K27me3 level of the cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The in vitro developmental ability of SCNT embryos was evaluated by the blastocyst rate and the expression levels of the core pluripotency factor. Blastocyst cell apoptosis was examined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assay. The in vivo developmental ability of SCNT embryos was evaluated after embryo transfer.ResultsMost sow urine-derived cells were viable and could be cultured and propagated easily. On the other hand, most of the somatic cells isolated from the boar urine exhibited poor cellular activity. The in vitro development efficiency between the embryos produced by SCNT using porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and urine-derived cells were similar. Moreover, The H3K9me3 in SCNT embryos produced from sow urine-derived cells and PEFs at the four-cell stage showed similar intensity. The levels of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 expression in blastocysts were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, there is a similar apoptotic level of cloned embryos produced by the two types of cells. Finally, the full-term development ability of the cloned embryos was evaluated, and the cloned fetuses from the urine-derived cells showed absorption.ConclusionsSow urine-derived cells could be used to produce SCNT embryos.
| S-EPMC8977534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been envisioned as an approach for generating patient-matched nuclear transfer (NT)-ESCs for studies of disease mechanisms and for developing specific therapies. Past attempts to produce human NT-ESCs have failed secondary to early embryonic arrest of SCNT embryos. Here, we identified premature exit from meiosis in human oocytes and suboptimal activation as key factors that are responsible for these outcomes. Optimized SCNT approaches designed to circumvent these limitations allowed derivation of human NT-ESCs. When applied to premium quality human oocytes, NT-ESC lines were derived from as few as two oocytes. NT-ESCs displayed normal diploid karyotypes and inherited their nuclear genome exclusively from parental somatic cells. Gene expression and differentiation profiles in human NT-ESCs were similar to embryo-derived ESCs, suggesting efficient reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
| S-EPMC3772789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Multipotent skin-derived progenitors (SKPs) can be traced back to embryonic neural crest cells and are able to differentiate into both neural and mesodermal progeny in vitro. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of self-renewing and can contribute to neuron and glia in the nervous system. Recently, we derived porcine SKPs and NSCs from the same enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic fetuses and demonstrated that SKPs could contribute to neural and mesodermal lineages in vivo. However, it remains unclear whether porcine SKPs and NSCs can generate ectoderm and mesoderm lineages or other germ layers in vivo. Embryonic chimeras are a well-established tool for investigating cell lineage determination and cell potency through normal embryonic development. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo developmental potential of porcine SKPs and fetal brain-derived NSCs by chimera production. Porcine SKPs, NSCs, and fibroblasts were injected into precompact in vitro fertilized embryos (IVF) and then transferred into corresponding surrogates 24 h postinjection. We found that porcine SKPs could incorporate into the early embryos and contribute to various somatic tissues of the 3 germ layers in postnatal chimera, and especially have an endodermal potency. However, this developmental potential is compromised when they differentiate into fibroblasts. In addition, porcine NSCs fail to incorporate into host embryos and contribute to chimeric piglets. Therefore, neural crest-derived SKPs may represent a more primitive state than their counterpart neural stem cells in terms of their contributions to multiple cell lineages.
| S-EPMC3438846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Methylation of DNA is the most commonly studied epigenetic mechanism of developmental competence and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Previous studies of epigenetics and the SCNT procedures have examined the effects of different culture media on donor cells and reconstructed embryos, and the methylation status of specific genes in the fetus or live offspring. Here we used a microarray based approach to identify the methylation profiles of SCNT donor cells including three clonal porcine fetal fibroblast-like cell sublines and adult somatic cells selected from kidney and mammary tissues. The methylation profiles of the donor cells were then analyzed with respect to their ability to direct development to the blastocyst stage after nuclear transfer. Clonal cell lines A2, A7 and A8 had blastocyst rates of 11.7%(a), 16.7%(ab) and 20.0%(b), respectively ((ab) p < 0.05). Adult somatic cells included kidney, mammary (large), and mammary (small) also had different blastocyst rates (ab p < 0.05) of 4.2% (a), 10.7% (ab) and 18.3% (b), respectively. For clonal donor cells and for adult somatic cell groups the donor cells with the highest blastocyst rates also had methylation profiles with the lowest similarity to the methylation profiles of the in vivo-produced blastocysts. Conversely, the donor cells with the lowest blastocyst rates had methylation profiles with the highest similarity to the methylation profiles of the in vivo-produced blastocysts. Our findings show there is an inverse correlation to the similarity of the methylation profiles of the donor cells and the in vivo-produced embryos, and to the blastocyst rates following SCNT.
| S-EPMC2517257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and nuclear transfer (NT) are two of the primary routes to reprogram differentiated cells back to the pluripotent state. However, it is still unknown whether there is any correlation between the reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs and NT if the same donor cells are employed. In this study, six porcine embryonic fibroblast (PEF) lines from Landrace (L1, L6, L9) or Congjiang local pigs (C4, C5, C6) were used for iPSC induction and NT. Furthermore, the resultant iPSCs from four PEF lines (L1, L6, C4, and C5) were used for NT (iPSC-NT), and the expression of exogenous genes was detected in iPSC-NT embryos by real-time PCR. The results showed that the efficiency of iPSC lines established from different PEF lines were significantly different. When the same PEF lines were used as donor cells for NT, the blastocysts rates were also different among different PEF lines and positively related with iPSCs induction efficiency. When the iPSCs were used as donor cells for NT, compared with the source PEFs, the blastocysts rates were significantly decreased. Real-time PCR results indicated that exogenous genes (Oct4, c-Myc) continued to be expressed in iPSC-NT embryos. In summary, our results demonstrate that there was a positive correlation between iPSCs and NT reprogramming efficiency, although the mechanism of these two routes is different. This may provide a new method to select the appropriate donor cells for inducing iPSCs.
| S-EPMC4030655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Undifferentiated stem cells are better donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), resulting in more offspring than more differentiated cells. While various stem cell populations have been confirmed to exist in the skin, progress has been restricted due to the lack of a suitable marker for their prospective isolation. To address this fundamental issue, a marker is required that could unambiguously prove the differentiation state of the donor cells. We therefore utilized magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate a homogeneous population of small SSEA-4(+) cells from a heterogeneous population of bovine embryonic skin fibroblasts (BEF). SSEA-4(+) cells were 8-10 ?m in diameter and positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP). The percentage of SSEA-4(+) cells within the cultured BEF population was low (2-3%). Immunocytochemistry and PCR analyses revealed that SSEA-4(+) cells expressed pluripotency-related markers, and could differentiate into cells comprising all three germ layers in vitro. They remained undifferentiated over 20 passages in suspension culture. In addition, cloned embryos derived from SSEA-4 cells showed significant differences in cleavage rate and blastocyst development when compared with those from BEF and SSEA-4(-) cells. Moreover, blastocysts derived from SSEA-4(+) cells showed a higher total cell number and lower apoptotic index as compared to BEF and SSEA-4(-) derived cells. It is well known that nuclei from pluripotent stem cells yield a higher cloning efficiency than those from adult somatic cells, however, pluripotent stem cells are relatively difficult to obtain from bovine. The SSEA-4(+) cells described in the current study provide an attractive candidate for SCNT and a promising platform for the generation of transgenic cattle.
| S-EPMC4300223 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we derived human embryonic stem cell via SCNT. Transcriptional analysis was performed to compare characteristics of SCNT-derived ESCs to their IVF counterpart. The transcriptomes of human embryonic stem cells (hESO-NT1) derived from human skin fibroblasts (HDF-f) via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was compared with IVF-derived counterpart (hESO-7) derived using oocytes from identical donor and parental skin fibroblast (HDF-f). . Three biological replicates of each cell line (A, B, C) were analyzed.
2013-05-15 | E-GEOD-46397 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Embryonic stem cells derived from nuclear transfer embryos (ntESCs) are particularly valuable for regenerative medicine, as they are a patient-specific and histocompatible cell source for the treatment of varying diseases. However, currently, little is known about their cellular and molecular profile. In the present study, in a mouse model different donor cell-derived ntESCs from various genetic backgrounds were compared with reference ESCs and analyzed comprehensively at the cellular level. A number of pluripotency marker genes were compared by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis. Significant differences at the protein level were observed for POU5F1, SOX2, FGF4, NANOG, and SSEA-1. However, such differences had no effect on in vitro cell differentiation and cell fate: derivatives of the three germ layers were detected in all ntESC lines. The neural and cardiac in vitro differentiation revealed minor differences between the cell lines, both at the mRNA and protein level. Karyotype analyses and cell growth studies did not reveal any significant variations. Despite some differences observed, the present study revealed that ntESC lines had similar differentiation competences compared to other ESCs. The results indicate that the observed differences may be related to the genotype rather than to the nuclear transfer technology.
| S-EPMC3275094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In a mouse model nuclear transfer embryo-derived embryonic stem cell lines (ntESCs) of various genetic backgrounds and donor cell types were compared with reference ESCs and analyzed comprehensively at molecular level as a second part of a larger study. Expression profiles of ntESCs established by different NT-methods (piezoelectric microinjection or zona-free) were indistinguishable. However, expression profiling analyses identified differentially regulated genes between reference ESCs and ntESCs from different genetic backgrounds. A number of pluripotency and stemness marker genes significantly differed at the mRNA level between the cell lines. However, cluster and lineage analyses revealed that such differences had no effect on cell differentiation and cell fate. Regardless of the donor cell type, gene expression profiles of ntESCs were more similar to each other than to their counterpart fertilized embryo-derived ESCs of the same genotype. Overall, the results indicated that expression profile differences may be related to the genotype rather than to technical variations.
| S-EPMC3275096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although phenotypic abnormalities frequently appear in the placenta following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) established from SCNT embryos reportedly show no distinct abnormalities compared with those derived from normal fertilization. In this study, we reexamined SCNT-TSCs to identify their imprinting statuses. Placenta-specific maternally imprinted genes (Gab1, Slc38a4, and Sfmbt2) consistently showed biallelic expression in SCNT-TSCs, suggesting their loss of imprinting (LOI). The LOI of Gab1 was associated with decreased DNA methylation, and that of Sfmbt2 was associated with decreased DNA methylation and histone H3K27 trimethylation. The maternal allele of the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) was aberrantly hypermethylated following SCNT, even though this region was prone to demethylation in TSCs when established in a serum-free chemically defined medium. These findings indicate that the development of cloned embryos is associated with imprinting abnormalities specifically in the trophoblast lineage from its initial stage, which may affect subsequent placental development.
| S-EPMC6224209 | biostudies-literature