Dataset Information

Resolving the relationship between ApolipoproteinE and depression.

ABSTRACT: Several studies have reported an association between the ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 (APOE4) allele and depression among elders. However others have failed to find an association. Since APOE4 is a well recognized risk factor for Alzheimer dementia, cognitive status may represent an important confounder between APOE4 and depression. In this investigation, we examined the relationship between the ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 allele and depression among elders accounting for cognitive status. Using a case-control design (n=1052), we investigated the association between ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 and depression in Alzheimer disease patients (n=528) and in cognitively intact controls (n=524). We demonstrated an apparent association between the APOE4 allele and depression in the combined dataset (p=0.001) when not controlling for cognitive status. However, once stratified by the presence of Alzheimer disease, there was no association in either the Alzheimer group (p=0.290) or the cognitively intact controls (p=0.494). In this dataset there is no association between the ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 allele and depression among those with Alzheimer disease or among cognitively intact elders. However there is a significant association between female gender and depression in the cognitively intact (p=0.003) but not among those with Alzheimer disease. Additionally, individuals with Alzheimer disease and depression had a significantly younger age of onset for their Alzheimer disease than those without depression (p=0.017).

SUBMITTER: Slifer MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2945257 | biostudies-literature | 2009 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Resolving the relationship between ApolipoproteinE and depression.

Slifer Michael A MA Martin Eden R ER Gilbert John R JR Haines Jonathan L JL Pericak-Vance Margaret A MA

Neuroscience letters 20090306 2

Several studies have reported an association between the ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 (APOE4) allele and depression among elders. However others have failed to find an association. Since APOE4 is a well recognized risk factor for Alzheimer dementia, cognitive status may represent an important confounder between APOE4 and depression. In this investigation, we examined the relationship between the ApolipoproteinE-epsilon4 allele and depression among elders accounting for cognitive status. Using a case ...[more]

PMID: 19368858

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Project description:BackgroundA few studies have been conducted on the relationship between cerebellar volume and emotional memory or clinical severity in major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to compare the volume and density of the cerebellar gray matter (GM) in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HCs) and explore the association between these cerebellar parameters and measurements of emotional memory and clinical severity.MethodVoxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping (IBASPM) were used to assess GM density and volume in the cerebellum, respectively, in patients with MDD and the HCs. Indicators of emotional memory performance were measured, including the hit rate (HR), rate of false alarm (FA), precision (Pr = HR - FA) and emotional memory enhancement [∆Pr = Pr(emotion) - Pr(neutral)] values. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were used to measure the severity of depression.ResultsIn the patients with MDD, the GM density was decreased in three cerebellar cortical regions and increased in three cerebellar cortical regions (p < .005). The GM volumes in eight cerebellar cortical regions were significantly smaller in the patients with MDD than in the HC subjects (p < .05). In the patients with MDD, the GM volume was correlated with the ∆Pr (p < .05) in two cerebellar cortical regions. The BDI scores were significantly correlated with the relative GM densities (p < .05) in 5 cerebellar cortical regions, and the GM volumes in 13 cerebellar cortical regions were correlated with the BDI scores in patients with MDD.ConclusionsEmotional memory and the severity of depressive symptoms are associated with structural changes in both the posterior and anterior GM regions in the cerebellum in patients with MDD. These findings could be useful for improving our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotional memory and explaining the abnormalities of the neural correlates that are associated with MDD.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a ubiquitous group of fungal species readily isolated from agroecosystem and natural ecosystem soils which includes important plant and human pathogens. Genetic relatedness within the complex has been studied by sequencing either the genes or the barcoding gene regions within those genes. Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated a great deal of diversity which is reflected in the differing number of clades identified: three, five and eight. Genetic limitation within the species in the complex has been studied through Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) analyses with varying number of phylogenetic 'species' identified ranging from two to 21. Such differing views have continued to confuse users of these taxonomies. RESULTS:The phylogenetic relationships between Australian F. oxysporum isolates from both natural and agricultural ecosystems were determined using three datasets: whole genome, nuclear genes, and mitochondrial genome sequences. The phylogenies were concordant except for three isolates. There were three concordant clades from all the phylogenies suggesting similar evolutionary history for mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes for the isolates in these three clades. Applying a multispecies coalescent (MSC) model on the eight single copy nuclear protein coding genes from the nuclear gene dataset concluded that the three concordant clades correspond to three phylogenetic species within the FOSC. There was 100% posterior probability support for the formation of three species within the FOSC. This is the first report of using the MSC model to estimate species within the F. oxysporum species complex. The findings from this study were compared with previously published phylogenetics and species delimitation studies. CONCLUSION:Phylogenetic analyses using three different gene datasets from Australian F. oxysporum isolates have all supported the formation of three major clades which delineated into three species. Species 2 (Clade 3) may be called F. oxysporum as it contains the neotype for F. oxysporum.

Dataset Information

Resolving the relationship between ApolipoproteinE and depression.

Publications

Resolving the relationship between ApolipoproteinE and depression.

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