Dataset Information

The relationship between methamphetamine use and increased dental disease.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Methamphetamine (MA) use has been linked anecdotally to rampant dental disease. The authors sought to determine the relative prevalence of dental comorbidities in MA users, verify whether MA users have more quantifiable dental disease and report having more dental problems than nonusers and establish the influence of mode of MA administration on oral health outcomes.

Methods

Participating physicians provided comprehensive medical and oral assessments for adults dependent on MA (n=301). Trained interviewers collected patients' self-reports regarding oral health and substance-use behaviors. The authors used propensity score matching to create a matched comparison group of nonusers from participants in the the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Results

Dental or oral disease was one of the most prevalent (41.3 percent) medical cormorbidities in MA users who otherwise were generally healthy. On average, MA users had significantly more missing teeth than did matched NHANES III control participants (4.58 versus 1.96, P<.001) and were more likely to report having oral health problems (P<.001). Significant subsets of MA users expressed concerns with their dental appearance (28.6 percent), problems with broken or loose teeth (23.3 percent) and tooth grinding (bruxism) or erosion (22.3 percent). The intravenous use of MA was significantly more likely to be associated with missing teeth than was smoking MA (odds ratio=2.47; 95 percent confidence interval=1.3-4.8).

Conclusions

Overt dental disease is one of the key distinguishing comorbidities in MA users. MA users have demonstrably higher rates of dental disease and report long-term unmet oral health needs. Contrary to common perception, users who smoke or inhale MA have lower rates of dental disease than do those who inject the drug. Many MA users are concerned with the cosmetic aspects of their dental disease, and these concerns could be used as behavioral triggers for targeted interventions.

Clinical implications

Dental disease may provide a temporally stable MA-specific medical marker with discriminant utility in identifying MA users. Dentists can play a crucial role in the early detection of MA use and participate in the collaborative care of MA users.

SUBMITTER: Shetty V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2947197 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The relationship between methamphetamine use and increased dental disease.

Shetty Vivek V Mooney Larissa J LJ Zigler Corwin M CM Belin Thomas R TR Murphy Debra D Rawson Richard R

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 20100301 3

<h4>Background</h4>Methamphetamine (MA) use has been linked anecdotally to rampant dental disease. The authors sought to determine the relative prevalence of dental comorbidities in MA users, verify whether MA users have more quantifiable dental disease and report having more dental problems than nonusers and establish the influence of mode of MA administration on oral health outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>Participating physicians provided comprehensive medical and oral assessments for adults dependen ...[more]

PMID: 20194387

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Project description:Methamphetamine is a globally abused drug that is metabolized to amphetamine, which also produces abuse-related behavioral effects. However, the contributing role of methamphetamine metabolism to amphetamine in methamphetamine's abuse-related subjective effects is unknown. This preclinical study was designed to determine 1) the relationship between plasma methamphetamine levels and methamphetamine discriminative stimulus effects and 2) the contribution of the methamphetamine metabolite amphetamine in the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine in rhesus monkeys. Adult male rhesus monkeys (n=3) were trained to discriminate 0.18mg/kg intramuscular (+)-methamphetamine from saline in a two-key food-reinforced discrimination procedure. Time course of saline, (+)-methamphetamine (0.032-0.32mg/kg), and (+)-amphetamine (0.032-0.32mg/kg) discriminative stimulus effects were determined. Parallel pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the same monkeys to determine plasma methamphetamine and amphetamine levels after methamphetamine administration and amphetamine levels after amphetamine administration for correlation with behavior in the discrimination procedure. Both methamphetamine and amphetamine produced full, ?90%, methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects. Amphetamine displayed a slightly, but significantly, longer duration of action than methamphetamine in the discrimination procedure. Both methamphetamine and amphetamine behavioral effects were related to methamphetamine and amphetamine plasma levels by a clockwise hysteresis loop indicating acute tolerance had developed to the discriminative stimulus effects. Furthermore, amphetamine levels after methamphetamine administration were absent when methamphetamine stimulus effects were greatest and peaked when methamphetamine discriminative stimulus effects returned to saline-like levels. Overall, these results demonstrate the methamphetamine metabolite amphetamine does not contribute to methamphetamine's abuse-related subjective effects.

Project description:Introduction:Obesity and dental caries are global public health problems. There are conflicting reports about the relationship between caries and obesity. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and dental caries among male adolescents. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included a sample of 258 male students' aged 12 to 15 years from schools in Dammam/Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The study involved measuring caries prevalence and DMFT estimates, assessing body mass index (BMI), and administering a self-completion questionnaire. Independent samples Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation test, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results:Caries prevalence of the sample was 79.8%, and the mean score of DMFT was 3.55?±?2.94. The mean BMI of participants was 23.42?±?6.82 and 18% were obese (BMI?>?30). The obese participants had a higher mean DMFT score (4.46?±?3.54) than nonobese participants (3.35?±?2.77) (P=0.021). Similarly, the mean untreated caries was higher in obese (4.17?±?3.22) than in nonobese participants (3.01?±?2.66) (P=0.010). In the logistic regression analysis, after controlling for father's education, family history of obesity, meals per day, fast food per week, and physical activity in the final model, the participants with high caries experience (DMFT?=?5-15) were 2.21 times more likely to have obesity than those with low caries experience (DMFT?=?0-4) (P=0.04). No/school education of father (odds ratio 3.54, P=0.011), family history of obesity (odds ratio 3.27, P=0.002), and not performing physical activity (odds ratio 4.37, P=0.002) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of obesity. Conclusion:The prevalence of caries and obesity was high in male adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Obesity was significantly associated with untreated caries and caries experience. Children with high caries experience were more likely to have obesity than children with low caries experience. Preventive programs and policies should address public health issues related to caries and obesity in male teenagers.

Dataset Information

The relationship between methamphetamine use and increased dental disease.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical implications

Publications

The relationship between methamphetamine use and increased dental disease.

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