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Oxidation of a cyclometalated Pd(II) dimer with "CF3+": formation and reactivity of a catalytically competent monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex.

ABSTRACT: The reaction of [(bzq)Pd(OAc)](2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) with "CF(3)(+)" reagents to afford the monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH(2)) is demonstrated. Heating this Pd(IV) adduct at 60 °C for 12 h leads to highly chemoselective aryl-CF(3) bond-forming reductive elimination. The rate and yield of this transformation are both significantly enhanced by the addition of Brønsted and Lewis acidic additives. The mechanism of C-CF(3) bond formation from (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH(2)) has been studied, and the major pathway is proposed to involve pre-equilibrium acetate dissociation followed by C-CF(3) coupling. Finally, this monomeric Pd(IV) complex is shown to be a kinetically competent intermediate for C-H trifluoromethylation with "CF(3)(+)" reagents. Collectively, these studies provide valuable insights about the speciation, nuclearity, and reactivity of Pd intermediates in catalytic C-H trifluoromethylation reactions.

SUBMITTER: Ye Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2962414 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oxidation of a cyclometalated Pd(II) dimer with "CF3+": formation and reactivity of a catalytically competent monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex.

Ye Yingda Y Ball Nicholas D ND Kampf Jeff W JW Sanford Melanie S MS

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20101001 41

The reaction of [(bzq)Pd(OAc)](2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) with "CF(3)(+)" reagents to afford the monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH(2)) is demonstrated. Heating this Pd(IV) adduct at 60 °C for 12 h leads to highly chemoselective aryl-CF(3) bond-forming reductive elimination. The rate and yield of this transformation are both significantly enhanced by the addition of Brønsted and Lewis acidic additives. The mechanism of C-CF(3) bond formation from (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH( ...[more]

PMID: 20866077

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Project description:The thermodynamic properties of structurally similar Mn(III) and Mn(IV) complexes have been reinvestigated to understand their reactivity with substrates having C-H bonds. The complexes have the general formula [MnH(3)buea(O)](n-), where [H(3)buea](3-) is the tripodal ligand, tris[(N'-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethylene]aminato. These complexes are unique because of the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (H-bond) network surrounding the Mn-oxo units. The redox potentials for the Mn(III/IV)(O) couple was incorrectly assigned in earlier reports: the corrected value is -1.0 V vs Cp(2)Fe(+)/Cp(2)Fe in DMSO, while the Mn(IV/V)(O) process is -0.076 under the same conditions. The oxo ligand in the Mn(III)(O) complexes is basic with a pK(a) of 28.3; the basicity of the terminal oxo ligand in the Mn(IV)(O) complex is estimated to be approximately 15. These values were used to re-evalulate the O-H bond dissociation energy (BDE(OH)) of the corresponding Mn(II/III)-OH complexes: BDE(OH) values of 89 and 77 kcal/mol were determined for [Mn(III)H(3)buea(OH)](-) and [Mn(II)H(3)buea(OH)](2-), respectively. Both Mn(O) complexes react with 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) to produce anthracene in nearly quantitative yields. This is surprising based on the low redox potiental of the complexes, suggesting the basicity of the oxo ligand is a major contributor to the observed reactivity. In contrast to the thermodynamic results, a comparative kinetic investigation found that the Mn(III)(O) complex reacts nearly 20 times faster than the Mn(IV)(O) complex. Activation parameters, determined from an Eyring analysis, found that the entropy of activation is significantly different between the two systems (DeltaDeltaS(++) = -35 eu, where DeltaDeltaS(++) = DeltaS(++)(Mn(IV)(O)) - DeltaS(++)(Mn(III)(O)). This unusual kinetic behavior can be explained in the context of the basicity of the oxo ligands that leads to different mechanisms: for [Mn(III)H(3)buea(O)](2-) a proton transfer-electron transfer mechanism is proposed, whereas for [Mn(IV)H(3)buea(O)](-) a hydrogen-atom transfer pathway is likely.

Dataset Information

Oxidation of a cyclometalated Pd(II) dimer with "CF3+": formation and reactivity of a catalytically competent monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex.

Publications

Oxidation of a cyclometalated Pd(II) dimer with "CF3+": formation and reactivity of a catalytically competent monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex.

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