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Behavioral features in young adults with FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome).

ABSTRACT: Opitz and Kaveggia [Opitz and Kaveggia (1974); Z Kinderheilkd 117:1-18] reported on a family of five affected males with distinctive facial appearance, mental retardation, macrocephaly, imperforate anus, and hypotonia. Risheg et al. [Risheg et al. (2007); Nature Genetics 39:451-453] identified an identical mutation (p.R961W) in MED12 in six families with Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, including a surviving affected man from the original family reported in 1974. The previously described behavior phenotype of hyperactivity, affability, and excessive talkativeness is very frequent in young boys with FG syndrome, along with socially oriented, attention-seeking behaviors. We present case studies of five adult males who were previously published with the clinical diagnosis of FG syndrome and then subsequently proven by Risheg et al. [Risheg et al. (2007); Nature Genetics 39:451-453] to have the recurrent p.R961W mutation. These individuals had episodic and longstanding behavior patterns, sometimes aggressive or self-abusing, that occurred more frequently in puberty and early adulthood. We try to describe the triggers for these behaviors, indicate how these behaviors change with advancing age, and suggest specific recommendations and interventional strategies based on the clinical histories of affected adolescent males with FG syndrome [Graham et al., 2008; Clark et al., 2009]. Young men who exhibit these behaviors may benefit from a careful examination to detect medical problems, use of mood stabilizers if needed, and/or behavioral intervention. The transition to a community living situation can be challenging without careful planning and timely behavioral intervention. They remain impulsive and can have aggressive outbursts when making the transition to adult life, but these challenges can be managed, as demonstrated by these clinical histories.

SUBMITTER: Graham JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2967396 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Behavioral features in young adults with FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome).

Graham John M JM Clark Robin D RD Moeschler John B JB Rogers R Curtis RC

American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 20101101 4

Opitz and Kaveggia [Opitz and Kaveggia (1974); Z Kinderheilkd 117:1-18] reported on a family of five affected males with distinctive facial appearance, mental retardation, macrocephaly, imperforate anus, and hypotonia. Risheg et al. [Risheg et al. (2007); Nature Genetics 39:451-453] identified an identical mutation (p.R961W) in MED12 in six families with Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, including a surviving affected man from the original family reported in 1974. The previously described behavior phenot ...[more]

PMID: 20981778

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Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the electrophysiologic, histologic, and biochemical features of an animal model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were treated with AY9944, a selective inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysterol-Delta(7)-reductase (the affected enzyme in SLOS). Dark- and light-adapted electroretinograms were obtained from treated and control animals. From each animal, 1 retina was analyzed by microscopy, and the contralateral retina plus serum samples were analyzed for sterol composition. The main outcome measures were rod and cone electroretinographic amplitudes and implicit times, outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, rod outer segment length, pyknotic ONL nucleus counts, and the 7-dehydrocholesterol/cholesterol mole ratio in the retina and serum.ResultsBy 10 weeks' postnatal age, rod and cone electroretinographic wave amplitudes in AY9944-treated animals were significantly reduced and implicit times were significantly increased relative to controls. Maximal rod photoresponse and gain values were reduced approximately 2-fold in treated animals relative to controls. The ONL thickness and average rod outer segment length were reduced by approximately 18% and 33%, respectively, and ONL pyknotic nucleus counts were approximately 4.5-fold greater in treated animals relative to controls. The retinal pigment epithelium of treated animals contained massive amounts of membranous/lipid inclusions not routinely observed in controls. The 7-dehydrocholesterol/cholesterol mole ratios in treated retinas and serum samples were approximately 5:1 and 9:1, respectively, whereas the ratios in control tissues were essentially zero.ConclusionsThis rodent model exhibits the key biochemical hallmarks associated with SLOS and displays electrophysiologic deficits comparable to or greater than those observed in the human disease. Clinical Relevance These results predict retinal degeneration in patients with SLOS, particularly those with the more severe (type II) form of the disease, and may be more broadly relevant to other inborn errors of cholesterol biosynthesis. This animal model may also be of use in evaluating therapeutic treatments for SLOS and in understanding the slow phototransduction kinetics observed in patients with SLOS.

Dataset Information

Behavioral features in young adults with FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome).

Publications

Behavioral features in young adults with FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome).

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