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A nonsense mutation in the SCN9A gene in congenital insensitivity to pain.

ABSTRACT: Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) (OMIM 243000) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. Clinically, CIP is characterized by insensitivity to all modalities of pain except neuropathic pain, and recurrent injuries frequently go unnoticed. CIP is caused by mutations in the SCN9A gene encoding for the Na1.7 channel.We analyzed the DNA from members of a consanguineous Pakistani family for mutations in the SCN9A gene through direct sequencing after performing linkage studies.We identified a novel missense mutation designated R523X in all affected individuals. A screening assay ruled out the possibility of polymorphism.We identified a novel mutation in the Na1.7 channel leading to CIP, extending the spectrum of mutations in the Na1.7 channel, and enhancing our understanding of the physiology of pain.

SUBMITTER: Kurban M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2969160 | biostudies-literature | 2010

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A nonsense mutation in the SCN9A gene in congenital insensitivity to pain.

Kurban Mazen M Wajid Muhammad M Shimomura Yutaka Y Christiano Angela M AM

Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 20100713 2

<h4>Background</h4>Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) (OMIM 243000) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. Clinically, CIP is characterized by insensitivity to all modalities of pain except neuropathic pain, and recurrent injuries frequently go unnoticed. CIP is caused by mutations in the SCN9A gene encoding for the Na1.7 channel.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed the DNA from members of a consanguineous Pakistani family for mutations in the SCN9A gene through direct sequencing after performing li ...[more]

PMID: 20628234

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Infrequent SCN9A mutations in congenital insensitivity to pain and erythromelalgia.

Project description:ObjectiveMutations in SCN9A have been reported in (1) congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP); (2) primary erythromelalgia; (3) paroxysmal extreme pain disorder; (4) febrile seizures and recently (5) small fibre sensory neuropathy. We sought to investigate for SCN9A mutations in a clinically well-characterised cohort of patients with CIP and erythromelalgia.MethodsWe sequenced all exons of SCN9A in 19 clinically well-studied cases including 6 CIP and 13 erythromelalgia (9 with family history, 10 with small-fibre neuropathy). The identified variants were assessed in dbSNP135, 1K genome, NHLBI-Exome Sequencing Project (5400-exomes) databases, and 768 normal chromosomes.ResultsIn erythromelalgia case 7, we identified a novel Q10>K mutation. In CIP case 6, we identified a novel, de novo splicing mutation (IVS8-2A>G); this splicing mutation compounded with a nonsense mutation (R523>X) and abolished SCN9A mRNA expression almost completely compared with his unaffected father. In CIP case 5, we found a variant (P610>T) previously considered causal for erythromelalgia, supporting recently raised doubt on its causal nature. We also found a splicing junction variant (IVS24-7delGTTT) in all 19 patients, this splicing variant was previously considered casual for CIP, but IVS24-7delGTTT was in fact the major allele in Caucasian populations.ConclusionsTwo novel SCN9A mutations were identified, but frequently polymorphism variants are found which may provide susceptibility factors in pain modulation. CIP and erythromelalgia are defined as genetically heterogeneous, and some SCN9A variants previously considered causal may only be modifying factors.

| S-EPMC3594382 | biostudies-literature

Congenital insensitivity to pain: novel SCN9A missense and in-frame deletion mutations.

Project description:SCN9Aencodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.7, a protein highly expressed in pain-sensing neurons. Mutations in SCN9A cause three human pain disorders: bi-allelic loss of function mutations result in Channelopathy-associated Insensitivity to Pain (CIP), whereas activating mutations cause severe episodic pain in Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder (PEPD) and Primary Erythermalgia (PE). To date, all mutations in SCN9A that cause a complete inability to experience pain are protein truncating and presumably lead to no protein being produced. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of two novel non-truncating mutations in families with CIP: a homozygously-inherited missense mutation found in a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin family (Na(v)1.7-R896Q) and a five amino acid in-frame deletion found in a sporadic compound heterozygote (Na(v)1.7-DeltaR1370-L1374). Both of these mutations map to the pore region of the Na(v)1.7 sodium channel. Using transient transfection of PC12 cells we found a significant reduction in membrane localization of the mutant protein compared to the wild type. Furthermore, voltage clamp experiments of mutant-transfected HEK293 cells show a complete loss of function of the sodium channel, consistent with the absence of pain phenotype. In summary, this study has identified critical amino acids needed for the normal subcellular localization and function of Na(v)1.7.

| S-EPMC2966863 | biostudies-literature

A novel SCN9A splicing mutation in a compound heterozygous girl with congenital insensitivity to pain, hyposmia and hypogeusia.

Project description:Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with a spectrum of clinical features caused by mutations in different genes. A 10-year-old girl with CIP, hyposmia and hypogeusia, and her unaffected twin and parents underwent next generation sequencing of SCN9A exons and flanking splice sites. Transcript analysis from whole blood successfully assayed the effect of the mutation on the mRNA splicing by polymerase chain reaction amplification on cDNA and Sanger sequencing. We identified the novel splicing variant c.1108-2A>G compound with the p.Arg896Gln (c.2687G>A) missense mutation previously described in a homozygous patient. The new intronic variant was predicted to induce exon 10 skipping. Conversely, SCN9A mRNA assay demonstrated its partial deletion with a loss of 46 nucleotides causing a premature stop codon in position p.Gln369 (NP_002968). Genetic analysis showed that the two variants were biallelic, being the mother and brother heterozygous carriers of the missense mutation, and the father heterozygous for the splicing mutation. Skin biopsy showed lack of Meissner's corpuscles, loss of epidermal nociceptors and normal autonomic organ innervation. We report a novel splicing mutation and provide clues on its pathogenic effect, broadening the spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes associated to CIP.

| S-EPMC6767138 | biostudies-literature

Two novel mutations of SCN9A (Nav1.7) are associated with partial congenital insensitivity to pain.

Project description:Insensitivity to pain is a rare disorder that is commonly associated with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN I-V) resulting often in autonomic dysfunction and premature death. Very few individuals have been reported with pain insensitivity lacking such autonomic neuropathies. We performed genetic, neurologic, psychological, and psychophysical evaluations in such an individual (OMIM 243000) and her first degree relatives. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA revealed two novel SCN9A mutations in this index case (IC). One was a non-conservative missense mutation (C1719R) in exon 26 present only in the IC and one parent. Further sequence analysis of the child's DNA revealed a 1-bp splice donor deletion in intron 17 which was also present in the other parent and one sibling. Detailed psychophysical testing was used to phenotypically characterize the IC, her family members, and 10 matched normal controls. Similar to family members and controls the IC showed normal somatosensory functioning for non-nociceptive mechanoreception and warmth. However, she demonstrated diminished ability to detect cool temperatures combined with profound deficits in heat and mechanical nociception. Congenital insensitivity to pain in our IC was associated with two novel SCN9A mutations which most likely resulted in a Nav1.7 channelopathy. However, in contrast to individuals with other SCN9A mutations, the observed pain insensitivity was relative and not absolute, which may be consistent with hypomorphic effects of one or both mutations. The ability to sense at least some danger signals may be advantageous and ameliorate the otherwise increased morbidity and mortality of some individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain.

| S-EPMC2978801 | biostudies-literature

Case Report: Mutant <i>SCN9A</i> Susceptible to Charcot Neuroarthropathy in a Patient With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain.

Project description:Charcot neuroarthropathy is a systemic disease with pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, which leads to fractures, dislocations, and deformities involving multiple bones and joints, particularly those of the feet. While the common underlying cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy is diabetes mellitus, it is also associated with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP). CIP is a rare disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A encoding Nav1.7. In this study, we report a patient with CIP from a consanguineous family susceptible to Charcot neuroarthropathy with a novel SCN9A mutation. This report involves the case of a middle-aged man who suffered from CIP, had repeated painless fractures, and developed bone and joint destruction. The physical and radiological examinations revealed that multiple joints were swollen and deformed, and soft-tissue trauma was evident. We identified a novel homozygous SCN9A mutation (p.Cys1339Arg) by whole-exome sequencing (WES), which was verified using Sanger sequencing. In addition, the wild-type (WT) and mutated p. Cys1339Arg were assessed in HEK293 cells expressing Nav1.7, and the results showed that p. Cys1339Arg almost abolished the Nav1.7 sodium current. In conclusion, Charcot neuroarthropathy associated with CIP demonstrated a wider spectrum of Charcot neuroarthropathy than was previously recognized or documented. In addition, this finding is conducive to understanding the critical amino acids for maintaining the function of Nav1.7, thus contributing to the development of Nav1.7-targeted analgesics.

| S-EPMC8317969 | biostudies-literature

Identification of a novel nonsense mutation of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene in two siblings with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis.

Project description:Objective To explore the aetiology of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) in two Chinese siblings with typical CIPA symptoms including insensitivity to pain, inability to sweat, and self-mutilating behaviours. Methods Clinical examination and genetic testing were conducted of all available family members, and the findings were used to create a pedigree. Mutation screening using PCR amplification and DNA Sanger sequencing of the entire neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene ( NTRK1) including intron-exon boundaries was used to identify mutations associated with CIPA. Results A novel nonsense mutation (c.7C?>?T, p. Arg3Ter) and a known splice-site mutation (c.851-33 T?>?A) were detected in NTRK1 and shown to be associated with CIPA. Conclusion Our findings expand the known mutation spectrum of NTRK1 and provide insights into the aetiology of CIPA.

| S-EPMC5536645 | biostudies-literature

Novel <i>SCN9A</i> missense mutations contribute to congenital insensitivity to pain: Unexpected correlation between electrophysiological characterization and clinical phenotype.

Project description:Congenital insensitivity to pain (OMIM 243000) is an extremely rare disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A encoding Nav1.7. Although the SCN9A mutations and phenotypes of painlessness and anosmia/hyposmia in patients are previously well documented, the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype of congenital insensitivity to pain remains unclear. Here, we report a congenital insensitivity to pain patient with novel SCN9A mutations. Functional significance of novel SCN9A mutations was assessed in HEK293 cells expressing Nav1.7, the results showed that p.Arg99His significantly decreased current density and reduced total Nav1.7 protein levels, whereas p.Trp917Gly almost abolished Nav1.7 sodium current without affecting its protein expression. These revealed that mutations in Nav1.7 in this congenital insensitivity to pain patient still retained partial channel function, but the patient showed completely painlessness, the unexpected genotypic-phenotypic relationship of SCN9A mutations in our patient may challenge the previous findings "Nav1.7 total loss-of-function leads to painlessness." Additionally, these findings are helpful for understanding the critical amino acid for maintaining function of Nav1.7, thus contributing to the development of Nav1.7-targeted analgesics.

| S-EPMC7235659 | biostudies-literature

An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain.

Project description:The complete inability to sense pain in an otherwise healthy individual is a very rare phenotype. In three consanguineous families from northern Pakistan, we mapped the condition as an autosomal-recessive trait to chromosome 2q24.3. This region contains the gene SCN9A, encoding the alpha-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel, Na(v)1.7, which is strongly expressed in nociceptive neurons. Sequence analysis of SCN9A in affected individuals revealed three distinct homozygous nonsense mutations (S459X, I767X and W897X). We show that these mutations cause loss of function of Na(v)1.7 by co-expression of wild-type or mutant human Na(v)1.7 with sodium channel beta(1) and beta(2) subunits in HEK293 cells. In cells expressing mutant Na(v)1.7, the currents were no greater than background. Our data suggest that SCN9A is an essential and non-redundant requirement for nociception in humans. These findings should stimulate the search for novel analgesics that selectively target this sodium channel subunit.

| S-EPMC7212082 | biostudies-literature

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis in Sudanese children.

Project description:Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also called hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN-IV), is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by insensitivity to pain, inability to sweat, episodes of hyperpyrexia, and intellectual disability. These factors render the affected persons to repeatedly injure and traumatise themselves to the degree that they become disabled. No specific treatment to the moment, but it needs multidisciplinary approach, and certain life adaptations and education. Here we report 4 unrelated Sudanese children affected with this rare neurological disorder, to raise the awareness on this rare disease, reflecting its spectrum, and the challenges which patients and their families face, especially when living in a hot country.

| S-EPMC5237840 | biostudies-literature

Understanding the genetic basis of congenital insensitivity to pain.

Project description:Introduction or backgroundCongenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is caused by extremely rare Mendelian genetic disorders. CIP individuals demonstrate the unexpectedly severe consequences of painlessness. Although only a small number of causative conditions and genes are known, most have led to profound insights into human nociception. CIP gene discovery is catalyzing the manufacture of completely new classes of analgesics, and these are needed as alternatives to synthetic highly potent opioids.Sources of dataPubmed.gov peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews.Areas of agreementThe importance of nerve growth factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase A (NGF-TRKA) signalling for nociceptor genesis and subsequent pain sensing.New analgesics can be generated from knowledge of the NGF-TRKA nociceptor pathway.Increased susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection is a consequence of deficient NGF-TRKA signalling.Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channels SCN9A and SCN11A can cause congenital painlessness, and in contradistinction, other mutations can cause episodic neuropathic pain. SCN9A/Nav1.7 is an analgesic target. SCN11A/Nav1.9 is unlikely to be an analgesic target.There are further Mendelian causes of painlessness to be discovered.Areas of controversyWhich NGF-TRKA intracellular signalling pathways operate in nociceptor development and which in post-natal pain sensing?Why have no clinically effective Nav1.7 antagonist been generated? SCN9A-CIP causes analgesia, at least in part, through endogenous opioids.Why do all CIP phenotypes involve a complete loss of all types of nociception?Areas timely for developing researchPRDM12 as an analgesic target.Discovery of the function and analgesic potential of new CIP genes.Can NGF-TRKA be used in the treatment of S. aureus?

| S-EPMC7227775 | biostudies-literature

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