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A nonsense mutation in the SCN9A gene in congenital insensitivity to pain.

ABSTRACT: Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) (OMIM 243000) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. Clinically, CIP is characterized by insensitivity to all modalities of pain except neuropathic pain, and recurrent injuries frequently go unnoticed. CIP is caused by mutations in the SCN9A gene encoding for the Na1.7 channel.We analyzed the DNA from members of a consanguineous Pakistani family for mutations in the SCN9A gene through direct sequencing after performing linkage studies.We identified a novel missense mutation designated R523X in all affected individuals. A screening assay ruled out the possibility of polymorphism.We identified a novel mutation in the Na1.7 channel leading to CIP, extending the spectrum of mutations in the Na1.7 channel, and enhancing our understanding of the physiology of pain.

SUBMITTER: Kurban M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2969160 | biostudies-literature | 2010

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A nonsense mutation in the SCN9A gene in congenital insensitivity to pain.

Kurban Mazen M Wajid Muhammad M Shimomura Yutaka Y Christiano Angela M AM

Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 20100713 2

<h4>Background</h4>Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) (OMIM 243000) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. Clinically, CIP is characterized by insensitivity to all modalities of pain except neuropathic pain, and recurrent injuries frequently go unnoticed. CIP is caused by mutations in the SCN9A gene encoding for the Na1.7 channel.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed the DNA from members of a consanguineous Pakistani family for mutations in the SCN9A gene through direct sequencing after performing li ...[more]

PMID: 20628234

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Infrequent SCN9A mutations in congenital insensitivity to pain and erythromelalgia.

Project description:ObjectiveMutations in SCN9A have been reported in (1) congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP); (2) primary erythromelalgia; (3) paroxysmal extreme pain disorder; (4) febrile seizures and recently (5) small fibre sensory neuropathy. We sought to investigate for SCN9A mutations in a clinically well-characterised cohort of patients with CIP and erythromelalgia.MethodsWe sequenced all exons of SCN9A in 19 clinically well-studied cases including 6 CIP and 13 erythromelalgia (9 with family history, 10 with small-fibre neuropathy). The identified variants were assessed in dbSNP135, 1K genome, NHLBI-Exome Sequencing Project (5400-exomes) databases, and 768 normal chromosomes.ResultsIn erythromelalgia case 7, we identified a novel Q10>K mutation. In CIP case 6, we identified a novel, de novo splicing mutation (IVS8-2A>G); this splicing mutation compounded with a nonsense mutation (R523>X) and abolished SCN9A mRNA expression almost completely compared with his unaffected father. In CIP case 5, we found a variant (P610>T) previously considered causal for erythromelalgia, supporting recently raised doubt on its causal nature. We also found a splicing junction variant (IVS24-7delGTTT) in all 19 patients, this splicing variant was previously considered casual for CIP, but IVS24-7delGTTT was in fact the major allele in Caucasian populations.ConclusionsTwo novel SCN9A mutations were identified, but frequently polymorphism variants are found which may provide susceptibility factors in pain modulation. CIP and erythromelalgia are defined as genetically heterogeneous, and some SCN9A variants previously considered causal may only be modifying factors.

| S-EPMC3594382 | biostudies-literature

Congenital insensitivity to pain: novel SCN9A missense and in-frame deletion mutations.

Project description:SCN9Aencodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.7, a protein highly expressed in pain-sensing neurons. Mutations in SCN9A cause three human pain disorders: bi-allelic loss of function mutations result in Channelopathy-associated Insensitivity to Pain (CIP), whereas activating mutations cause severe episodic pain in Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder (PEPD) and Primary Erythermalgia (PE). To date, all mutations in SCN9A that cause a complete inability to experience pain are protein truncating and presumably lead to no protein being produced. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of two novel non-truncating mutations in families with CIP: a homozygously-inherited missense mutation found in a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin family (Na(v)1.7-R896Q) and a five amino acid in-frame deletion found in a sporadic compound heterozygote (Na(v)1.7-DeltaR1370-L1374). Both of these mutations map to the pore region of the Na(v)1.7 sodium channel. Using transient transfection of PC12 cells we found a significant reduction in membrane localization of the mutant protein compared to the wild type. Furthermore, voltage clamp experiments of mutant-transfected HEK293 cells show a complete loss of function of the sodium channel, consistent with the absence of pain phenotype. In summary, this study has identified critical amino acids needed for the normal subcellular localization and function of Na(v)1.7.

| S-EPMC2966863 | biostudies-literature

Congenital insensitivity to pain: a novel mutation affecting a U12-type intron causes multiple aberrant splicing of SCN9A.

Project description:AbstractMutations in the alpha subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (NaV1.7), encoded by SCN9A gene, play an important role in the regulation of nociception and can lead to a wide range of clinical outcomes, ranging from extreme pain syndromes to congenital inability to experience pain. To expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of SCN9A-related channelopathies, we describe the proband, a daughter born from consanguineous parents, who had pain insensitivity, diminished temperature sensation, foot burns, and severe loss of nociceptive nerve fibers in the epidermis. Next-generation sequencing of SCN9A (NM_002977.3) revealed a novel homozygous substitution (c.377+7T>G) in the donor splice site of intron 3. As the RNA functional testing is challenging, the in silico analysis is the first approach to predict possible alterations. In this case, the computational analysis was unable to identify the splicing consensus and could not provide any prediction for splicing defects. The affected intron indeed belongs to the U12 type, a family of introns characterised by noncanonical consensus at the splice sites, accounting only for 0.35% of all human introns, and is not included in most of the training sets for splicing prediction. A functional study on proband RNA showed different aberrant transcripts, where exon 3 was missing and an intron fragment was included. A quantification study using real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a significant reduction of the NaV1.7 canonical transcript. Collectively, these data widen the spectrum of SCN9A-related insensitivity to pain by describing a mutation causing NaV1.7 deficiency, underlying the nociceptor dysfunction, and highlight the importance of molecular investigation of U12 introns' mutations despite the silent prediction.

| S-EPMC9199108 | biostudies-literature

A novel SCN9A splicing mutation in a compound heterozygous girl with congenital insensitivity to pain, hyposmia and hypogeusia.

Project description:Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with a spectrum of clinical features caused by mutations in different genes. A 10-year-old girl with CIP, hyposmia and hypogeusia, and her unaffected twin and parents underwent next generation sequencing of SCN9A exons and flanking splice sites. Transcript analysis from whole blood successfully assayed the effect of the mutation on the mRNA splicing by polymerase chain reaction amplification on cDNA and Sanger sequencing. We identified the novel splicing variant c.1108-2A>G compound with the p.Arg896Gln (c.2687G>A) missense mutation previously described in a homozygous patient. The new intronic variant was predicted to induce exon 10 skipping. Conversely, SCN9A mRNA assay demonstrated its partial deletion with a loss of 46 nucleotides causing a premature stop codon in position p.Gln369 (NP_002968). Genetic analysis showed that the two variants were biallelic, being the mother and brother heterozygous carriers of the missense mutation, and the father heterozygous for the splicing mutation. Skin biopsy showed lack of Meissner's corpuscles, loss of epidermal nociceptors and normal autonomic organ innervation. We report a novel splicing mutation and provide clues on its pathogenic effect, broadening the spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes associated to CIP.

| S-EPMC6767138 | biostudies-literature

Two novel mutations of SCN9A (Nav1.7) are associated with partial congenital insensitivity to pain.

Project description:Insensitivity to pain is a rare disorder that is commonly associated with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN I-V) resulting often in autonomic dysfunction and premature death. Very few individuals have been reported with pain insensitivity lacking such autonomic neuropathies. We performed genetic, neurologic, psychological, and psychophysical evaluations in such an individual (OMIM 243000) and her first degree relatives. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA revealed two novel SCN9A mutations in this index case (IC). One was a non-conservative missense mutation (C1719R) in exon 26 present only in the IC and one parent. Further sequence analysis of the child's DNA revealed a 1-bp splice donor deletion in intron 17 which was also present in the other parent and one sibling. Detailed psychophysical testing was used to phenotypically characterize the IC, her family members, and 10 matched normal controls. Similar to family members and controls the IC showed normal somatosensory functioning for non-nociceptive mechanoreception and warmth. However, she demonstrated diminished ability to detect cool temperatures combined with profound deficits in heat and mechanical nociception. Congenital insensitivity to pain in our IC was associated with two novel SCN9A mutations which most likely resulted in a Nav1.7 channelopathy. However, in contrast to individuals with other SCN9A mutations, the observed pain insensitivity was relative and not absolute, which may be consistent with hypomorphic effects of one or both mutations. The ability to sense at least some danger signals may be advantageous and ameliorate the otherwise increased morbidity and mortality of some individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain.

| S-EPMC2978801 | biostudies-literature

SCN9A variant in a family of mixed breed dogs with congenital insensitivity to pain.

Project description:BackgroundCongenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a rare group of genetic disorders causing inability to feel pain. Three different associated variants have been identified in dogs: 1 in Border Collies, 1 in mixed breed dogs, and 1 in Spaniels and Pointers.ObjectivesTo clinically and genetically characterize CIP in a family of mixed breed dogs.AnimalsTwo mixed breed dogs from the same litter were independently presented: 1 for evaluation of painless fractures, and the other for chronic thermal skin injuries.MethodsPhysical, neurological, and histopathological evaluations were performed. Whole genome sequencing of 1 affected dog was used to identify homozygous protein-changing variants that were not present in 926 control genomes from diverse dog breeds.ResultsPhysical and neurological examinations showed the absence of superficial and deep pain perception in the entire body. Histopathological evaluations of the brain, spinal cord and sensory ganglia were normal. Whole genome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in SCN9A, XM_038584713.1:c.2761C>T or XP_038440641.1:(p.Arg921Cys). Both affected dogs were homozygous for the mutant allele, which was not detected in 926 dogs of different breeds.Conclusions and clinical importanceWe confirmed the diagnosis of CIP in a family of mixed breed dogs and identified a likely pathogenic variant in the SCN9A gene. The clinical signs observed in these dogs mimic those reported in humans with pathogenic SCN9A variants causing CIP. This report is the first of a spontaneous pathogenic SCN9A variant in domestic animals.

| S-EPMC9889608 | biostudies-literature

Case Report: Mutant <i>SCN9A</i> Susceptible to Charcot Neuroarthropathy in a Patient With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain.

Project description:Charcot neuroarthropathy is a systemic disease with pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, which leads to fractures, dislocations, and deformities involving multiple bones and joints, particularly those of the feet. While the common underlying cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy is diabetes mellitus, it is also associated with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP). CIP is a rare disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A encoding Nav1.7. In this study, we report a patient with CIP from a consanguineous family susceptible to Charcot neuroarthropathy with a novel SCN9A mutation. This report involves the case of a middle-aged man who suffered from CIP, had repeated painless fractures, and developed bone and joint destruction. The physical and radiological examinations revealed that multiple joints were swollen and deformed, and soft-tissue trauma was evident. We identified a novel homozygous SCN9A mutation (p.Cys1339Arg) by whole-exome sequencing (WES), which was verified using Sanger sequencing. In addition, the wild-type (WT) and mutated p. Cys1339Arg were assessed in HEK293 cells expressing Nav1.7, and the results showed that p. Cys1339Arg almost abolished the Nav1.7 sodium current. In conclusion, Charcot neuroarthropathy associated with CIP demonstrated a wider spectrum of Charcot neuroarthropathy than was previously recognized or documented. In addition, this finding is conducive to understanding the critical amino acids for maintaining the function of Nav1.7, thus contributing to the development of Nav1.7-targeted analgesics.

| S-EPMC8317969 | biostudies-literature

Identification of a novel nonsense mutation of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene in two siblings with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis.

Project description:Objective To explore the aetiology of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) in two Chinese siblings with typical CIPA symptoms including insensitivity to pain, inability to sweat, and self-mutilating behaviours. Methods Clinical examination and genetic testing were conducted of all available family members, and the findings were used to create a pedigree. Mutation screening using PCR amplification and DNA Sanger sequencing of the entire neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene ( NTRK1) including intron-exon boundaries was used to identify mutations associated with CIPA. Results A novel nonsense mutation (c.7C?>?T, p. Arg3Ter) and a known splice-site mutation (c.851-33 T?>?A) were detected in NTRK1 and shown to be associated with CIPA. Conclusion Our findings expand the known mutation spectrum of NTRK1 and provide insights into the aetiology of CIPA.

| S-EPMC5536645 | biostudies-literature

Novel <i>SCN9A</i> missense mutations contribute to congenital insensitivity to pain: Unexpected correlation between electrophysiological characterization and clinical phenotype.

Project description:Congenital insensitivity to pain (OMIM 243000) is an extremely rare disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A encoding Nav1.7. Although the SCN9A mutations and phenotypes of painlessness and anosmia/hyposmia in patients are previously well documented, the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype of congenital insensitivity to pain remains unclear. Here, we report a congenital insensitivity to pain patient with novel SCN9A mutations. Functional significance of novel SCN9A mutations was assessed in HEK293 cells expressing Nav1.7, the results showed that p.Arg99His significantly decreased current density and reduced total Nav1.7 protein levels, whereas p.Trp917Gly almost abolished Nav1.7 sodium current without affecting its protein expression. These revealed that mutations in Nav1.7 in this congenital insensitivity to pain patient still retained partial channel function, but the patient showed completely painlessness, the unexpected genotypic-phenotypic relationship of SCN9A mutations in our patient may challenge the previous findings "Nav1.7 total loss-of-function leads to painlessness." Additionally, these findings are helpful for understanding the critical amino acid for maintaining function of Nav1.7, thus contributing to the development of Nav1.7-targeted analgesics.

| S-EPMC7235659 | biostudies-literature

Rare mutations in ATL3, SPTLC2 and SCN9A explaining hereditary sensory neuropathy and congenital insensitivity to pain in a Brazilian cohort.

Project description:Hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN) are a group of rare neurological disorders with heterogeneous clinical and genetic characteristics. Although at least 17 different genes have already been associated with HSN, the epidemiology of the disorder in Brazil is still unknown. Performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 23 unrelated Brazilian families diagnosed with HSN, we detected pathogenic variants in ATL3, SPTLC2, and SCN9A in 12 patients belonging to five unrelated families. Clinical features associated with heterozygous mutations in ATL3 (c.575A > G; p.(Tyr192Cys)) and SPTLC2 (c.529A > G; p.(Asn177Asp)) were sensory deficits, neuropathic pain, and recurrent ulcerations. Presenting as congenital insensitivity to pain, three unrelated probands carried biallelic loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A. The so far undescribed stop mutation c.2106G > A (p.(Trp702Ter)) and the likewise novel splicing variant c.3319-1G > A were found in compound-heterozygosity with, respectively, the known pathogenic variants c.2908G > T (p.Trp970Ter) and c.2690G > A (p.Glu897Ter). In total, we identified pathogenic mutations in 21.7% of our families, which suggests that most of the cases could be explained by yet to be discovered genes or unusual alleles. Our study represents the first mutational screen in a Brazilian HSN cohort, enabling additional insights for genotype-phenotype correlations, reducing misdiagnoses, and providing early treatment considerations.

| S-EPMC8325641 | biostudies-literature

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