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Influence of parents and friends on children's and adolescents' food intake and food selection.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The influence of parents versus friends on youths' eating behavior has not been directly compared, and little is known about the developmental effects of social influences on their eating behavior. OBJECTIVE:The objective was to compare the effects of mothers and friends on children's and adolescents' energy intake from sandwiches and from healthy and unhealthy snacks and dessert foods. DESIGN:Twenty-three children (ages 5-7 y) and 27 adolescents (ages 13-15 y) ate a meal with their mother on one occasion and with a same-sex friend on another occasion. RESULTS:Male and female children consumed less energy from unhealthy snacks when in the presence of their mothers than when in the company of their friends. Conversely, female adolescents consumed less energy from unhealthy snacks and more energy from healthy snacks when they were with their friends than when with their mothers. CONCLUSIONS:Food selection is differentially influenced by the source of social influence and the age and sex of the child. Parents may act as an inhibitory influence on unhealthy eating for younger children. Adolescent girls may try to convey a good impression of healthy eating when eating with same-sex friends, but the eating habits of teenage boys are not as influenced by the social context. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00875576.

SUBMITTER: Salvy SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3001599 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of parents and friends on children's and adolescents' food intake and food selection.

Salvy Sarah-Jeanne SJ Elmo Alison A Nitecki Lauren A LA Kluczynski Melissa A MA Roemmich James N JN

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20101103 1

<h4>Background</h4>The influence of parents versus friends on youths' eating behavior has not been directly compared, and little is known about the developmental effects of social influences on their eating behavior.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective was to compare the effects of mothers and friends on children's and adolescents' energy intake from sandwiches and from healthy and unhealthy snacks and dessert foods.<h4>Design</h4>Twenty-three children (ages 5-7 y) and 27 adolescents (ages 13-15 y) a ...[more]

PMID: 21048059

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Project description:BackgroundBecause children often consume substantial proportions of their diets in childcare programs, it is critical to determine what they eat when served menus meeting dietary recommendations and how intake is related to individual characteristics.ObjectivesUsing weighed assessments, we characterized children's consumption across 15 daily menus and investigated the relationship between properties of the food consumed and child characteristics.MethodsIn 3 crossover trials in childcare centers that followed dietary guidelines, we provided and weighed all meals and snacks for 5 consecutive days. For this descriptive secondary analysis, we characterized primary outcomes (daily food weight, energy density, and energy intake) by including the most typical set of menus from each trial, yielding 603 daily intakes for 128 preschool children (15% with overweight or obesity). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry during childcare sessions. Children's appetitive traits were assessed by parental questionnaires.ResultsBoth food properties and child characteristics were related to daily intake. More food was consumed from menus with greater food weight, and the energy density of consumed food was greater from menus with higher energy density (both P < 0.0001); these menu differences resulted in greater energy intake (P = 0.009). Children with overweight and obesity had greater energy intake as a proportion of requirements than did children with healthy weight (113 ± 6% versus 101 ± 2%; P = 0.039). Vegetable intake was 39 ± 2% of the recommended amounts and boys had lower consumption than girls (P = 0.004). Children with appetitive traits of lower satiety responsiveness or higher food responsiveness had greater daily energy intake (both P < 0.003).ConclusionsWeighed intakes showed that when children were served daily menus with substantial portions of foods that met dietary recommendations, they selectively consumed higher-energy-dense items and ate few vegetables. A particular concern was that children with overweight ate amounts that exceeded their energy needs. The trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02963987, NCT03010501, NCT03242863).

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Influence of parents and friends on children's and adolescents' food intake and food selection.

Publications

Influence of parents and friends on children's and adolescents' food intake and food selection.

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