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Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross-gradient materials for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions.

ABSTRACT: Combinatorial material synthesis is a powerful approach for creating composite material libraries for the high-throughput screening of cell-material interactions. Although current combinatorial screening platforms have been tremendously successful in identifying target (termed "hit") materials from composite material libraries, new material synthesis approaches are needed to further optimize the concentrations and blending ratios of the component materials. Here we employed a microfluidic platform to rapidly synthesize composite materials containing cross-gradients of gelatin and chitosan for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions. The microfluidic synthesis of the cross-gradient was optimized experimentally and theoretically to produce quantitatively controllable variations in the concentrations and blending ratios of the two components. The anisotropic chemical compositions of the gelatin/chitosan cross-gradients were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The three-dimensional (3D) porous gelatin/chitosan cross-gradient materials were shown to regulate the cellular morphology and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a gradient-dependent manner. We envision that our microfluidic cross-gradient platform may accelerate the material development processes involved in a wide range of biomedical applications.

SUBMITTER: He J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3013224 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross-gradient materials for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions.

He Jiankang J Du Yanan Y Guo Yuqi Y Hancock Matthew J MJ Wang Ben B Shin Hyeongho H Wu Jinhui J Li Dichen D Khademhosseini Ali A

Biotechnology and bioengineering 20110101 1

Combinatorial material synthesis is a powerful approach for creating composite material libraries for the high-throughput screening of cell-material interactions. Although current combinatorial screening platforms have been tremendously successful in identifying target (termed "hit") materials from composite material libraries, new material synthesis approaches are needed to further optimize the concentrations and blending ratios of the component materials. Here we employed a microfluidic platfo ...[more]

PMID: 20721897

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Project description:A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites formed to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm+Cl-]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the majority of [BMIm+Cl-] used (at least 88%) was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. FTIR, XRD, 13C CP-MAS NMR and SEM results confirm that KER, CS and CEL remain chemically intact and distributed homogeneously in the composites. We successfully demonstrate that the widely used method based on the deconvolution of the FTIR bands of amide bonds to determine secondary structure of proteins is relatively subjective as the conformation obtained is strongly dependent on the choice of parameters selected for curve fitting. A new method, based on the partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) of the amide bands, was developed, and proven to be objective and can provide more accurate information. Results obtained with this method agree well with those by XRD, namely they indicate that although KER retains its second structure when incorporated into the [CEL+CS] composites, it has relatively lower α-helix, higher β-turn and random form compared to that of the KER in native wool. It seems that during dissolution by [BMIm+Cl-], the inter- and intramolecular forces in KER were broken thereby destroying its secondary structure. During regeneration, these interactions were reestablished to reform partially the secondary structure. However, in the presence of either CEL or CS, the chains seem to prefer the extended form thereby hindering reformation of the α-helix. Consequently, the KER in these matrices may adopt structures with lower content of α-helix and higher β-sheet. As anticipated, results of tensile strength and TGA confirm that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the [CS/CEL+KER] composites.

Dataset Information

Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross-gradient materials for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions.

Publications

Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross-gradient materials for investigating cell-biomaterial interactions.

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