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Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

ABSTRACT: Dietary magnesium intake has been favorably associated with reduced risk of metabolic outcomes in observational studies; however, few randomized trials have introduced a systems-biology approach to explore molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic metabolic actions of magnesium supplementation.We examined the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on metabolic biomarkers and global genomic and proteomic profiling in overweight individuals.We undertook this randomized, crossover, pilot trial in 14 healthy, overweight volunteers [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) ?25] who were randomly assigned to receive magnesium citrate (500 mg elemental Mg/d) or a placebo for 4 wk with a 1-mo washout period. Fasting blood and urine specimens were collected according to standardized protocols. Biochemical assays were conducted on blood specimens. RNA was extracted and subsequently hybridized with the Human Gene ST 1.0 array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Urine proteomic profiling was analyzed with the CM10 ProteinChip array (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA).We observed that magnesium treatment significantly decreased fasting C-peptide concentrations (change: -0.4 ng/mL after magnesium treatment compared with +0.05 ng/mL after placebo treatment; P = 0.004) and appeared to decrease fasting insulin concentrations (change: -2.2 ?U/mL after magnesium treatment compared with 0.0 ?U/mL after placebo treatment; P = 0.25). No consistent patterns were observed across inflammatory biomarkers. Gene expression profiling revealed up-regulation of 24 genes and down-regulation of 36 genes including genes related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways such as C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (C1QTNF9) and pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP). Urine proteomic profiling showed significant differences in the expression amounts of several peptides and proteins after treatment.Magnesium supplementation for 4 wk in overweight individuals led to distinct changes in gene expression and proteomic profiling consistent with favorable effects on several metabolic pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00737815.

SUBMITTER: Chacko SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3021435 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

Chacko Sara A SA Sul James J Song Yiqing Y Li Xinmin X LeBlanc James J You Yuko Y Butch Anthony A Liu Simin S

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20101215 2

<h4>Background</h4>Dietary magnesium intake has been favorably associated with reduced risk of metabolic outcomes in observational studies; however, few randomized trials have introduced a systems-biology approach to explore molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic metabolic actions of magnesium supplementation.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on metabolic biomarkers and global genomic and proteomic profiling in overweight individuals.<h4>Design</h4>We under ...[more]

PMID: 21159786

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Arterial stiffness is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. Recently, we showed that magnesium citrate supplementation results in a clinically relevant improvement of arterial stiffness. It remained unclear whether the observed effect was due to magnesium or citrate, and whether other magnesium compounds may have similar effects. Therefore, we aim to study the long-term effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness. In addition, we aim to investigate possible underlying mechanisms, including changes in blood pressure and changes in gut microbiota diversity. METHODS:In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 162 healthy overweight and slightly obese men and women will be recruited. During a 24-week intervention, individuals will be randomized to receive: magnesium citrate; magnesium oxide; magnesium sulfate (total daily dose of magnesium for each active treatment 450?mg); or placebo. The primary outcome of the study is arterial stiffness measured by the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVc-f), which is the gold standard for quantifying arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes are office blood pressure, measured by a continuous blood pressure monitoring device, and gut microbiota, measured in fecal samples. Measurements will be performed at baseline and at weeks 2, 12 and 24. DISCUSSION:The present study is expected to provide evidence for the effects of different available magnesium formulations (organic and inorganic) on well-established cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure, as well as on the human gut microbiota. As such, the study may contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in slightly obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03632590 . Retrospectively registered on 15 August 2018.

Project description:Abstract Objectives To determine if greater weight loss and improvement in metabolic outcomes could be achieved with twice daily consumption of a proprietary supplement shake containing high protein and fiber (HPF) as compared to an isocaloric low protein, lower fiber placebo (P). Methods In an independently conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial, healthy overweight and obese adults (n = 206, BMI 27–35 kg/m2, 70% Female) were equally assigned to HPF or P. All participants were instructed to follow a 500-calorie deficit diet from estimated daily energy requirements using a dietary exchange program and were asked to consume HPF or P 30 min before breakfast and lunch for 12 weeks. The supplement was a commercially available product composed of protein, fruit, vegetable, and plant powders, as well as vitamins, minerals, pre-, and probiotics. Body weight, body composition, and blood samples were collected at days (D) 0 and 84. Statistics were conducted by ANCOVA or repeated measure ANCOVA modeling using sex and baseline values as covariates, with time and treatment as within- and between-subject variables, respectively. Per protocol analyses were included for the 133 adults who completed the study. Results Weight loss occurred throughout the study in both groups. HPF had greater weight loss at D 84 vs P (–4.0% vs −2.2% body weight, respectively; P < 0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidized LDL decreased to a greater extent following HPF at D 84 (P < 0.05 vs D 0 and vs P), with no change in HDL cholesterol. The increase in serum adiponectin from D 0 to D 84 was greater in HPF vs P (P < 0.05) with no change in leptin. Percent body fat tended to decrease throughout the study in both groups (HPF: −1.44%, P: −1.27%; P = 0.056) with no differences between groups. There were no clinically relevant changes in assessed safety outcomes in either group. Conclusions A HPF supplement taken as a preload before breakfast and lunch improved weight loss and metabolic outcomes such as total, LDL and oxidized LDL cholesterol compared to a calorie-matched placebo. This study suggests nutrient factors other than calorie reduction alone influence the success of a weight loss regimen, potentially including nutrient density, protein and fiber content. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03057873. Funding Sources This study was funded by Beachbody, LLC.

Project description:No study has concurrently measured changes in free-living whole body protein metabolism and exercise performance during recovery from an acute bout of resistance exercise. We aimed to determine if whey protein ingestion enhances whole body net protein balance and recovery of exercise performance during overnight (10 h) and 24 h recovery after whole body resistance exercise in trained men. In a double-blind crossover design, 12 trained men (76 ± 8 kg, 24 ± 4 years old, 14% ± 5% body fat; means ± standard deviation (SD)) performed resistance exercise in the evening prior to consuming either 25 g of whey protein (PRO; MuscleTech 100% Whey) or an energy-matched placebo (CHO) immediately post-exercise (0 h), and again the following morning (~10 h of recovery). A third randomized trial, completed by the same participants, involving no exercise and no supplement served as a rested control trial (Rest). Participants ingested [15N]glycine to determine whole body protein kinetics and net protein balance over 10 and 24 h of recovery. Performance was assessed pre-exercise and at 0, 10, and 24 h of recovery using a battery of tests. Net protein balance tended to improve in PRO (P = 0.064; effect size (ES) = 0.61, PRO vs. CHO) during overnight recovery. Over 24 h, net balance was enhanced in PRO (P = 0.036) but not in CHO (P = 0.84; ES = 0.69, PRO vs. CHO), which was mediated primarily by a reduction in protein breakdown (PRO < CHO; P < 0.01. Exercise decreased repetitions to failure (REP), maximal strength (MVC), peak and mean power, and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) at 0 h (all P < 0.05 vs. Pre). At 10 h, there were small-to-moderate effects for enhanced recovery of the MVC (ES = 0.56), mean power (ES = 0.49), and CMJ variables (ES: 0.27-0.49) in PRO. At 24 h, protein supplementation improved MVC (ES = 0.76), REP (ES = 0.44), and peak power (ES = 0.55). In conclusion, whey protein supplementation enhances whole body anabolism, and may improve acute recovery of exercise performance after a strenuous bout of resistance exercise.

Dataset Information

Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

Publications

Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

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