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Biochemical studies on sphingolipids of Artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids.

ABSTRACT: Neutral glycosphingolipids containing one to six sugars in their oligosaccharide chains have been isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. The structures of these glycolipids were identified by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, gas-liquid chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be Glc?1-Cer, Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer, Fuc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer, GlcNAc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer, GlcNAc?1-2Fuc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer, GalNAc?1-4GlcNAc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer, GalNAc?1-4(Fuc?1-3)GlcNAc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer (CPS), and GalNAc?1-4(GlcNAc?1-2Fuc?1-3)GlcNAc?1-3Man?1-4Glc?1-Cer (CHS). Two glycosphingolipids, CPS and CHS, were characterized as novel structures. Because Artemia contains a certain series of glycosphingolipids (-Fuc?3Man?4Glc?Cer), which differ from the core sugar sequences reported thus far, we tentatively designated the glycosphingolipids characterized as nonarthro-series ones. Furthermore, CHS exhibited a hybrid structure of arthro-series and nonarthro-series sugar chain. Two novel glycosphingolipids were characterized from the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana; one was composed of arthrotetraose and a branching fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine residue, and the other was composed of CPS with an additional N-acetylglucosamine residue attached to the branching fucose.

SUBMITTER: Kojima H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3023551 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biochemical studies on sphingolipids of Artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids.

Kojima Hisao H Shimizu Takemasa T Sugita Mutsumi M Itonori Saki S Fujita Norihisa N Ito Masahiro M

Journal of lipid research 20101109 2

Neutral glycosphingolipids containing one to six sugars in their oligosaccharide chains have been isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. The structures of these glycolipids were identified by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, gas-liquid chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be Glcβ1-Cer, Manβ1-4Glcβ1 ...[more]

PMID: 21062954

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Project description:Background:Biomineralization, e.g., in sea urchins or mollusks, includes the assembly of mesoscopic superstructures from inorganic crystalline components and biopolymers. The resulting mesocrystals inspire biophysicists and material scientists alike, because of their extraordinary physical properties. Current efforts to replicate mesocrystal synthesis in vitro require understanding the principles of their self-assembly in vivo. One question, not addressed so far, is whether intracellular crystals of proteins can assemble with biopolymers into functional mesocrystal-like structures. During our electron microscopy studies into Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), we found initial evidence of such proteinaceous mesostructures. Results:EM preparations with high-pressure freezing and accelerated freeze substitution revealed an extraordinary intracellular source of mesostructured inclusions in both the cyto-and nucleoplasm of the epidermal lining of ovisacs of A. franciscana. Confocal reflection microscopy not only confirmed our finding; it also revealed reflective, light dispersing activity of these flake-like structures, their positioning and orientation with respect to the ovisac inside. Both the striation of alternating electron dense and electron-lucent components and the sharp edges of the flakes indicate self-assembly of material of yet unknown origin under supposed participation of crystallization. However, selected area electron diffraction could not verify the status of crystallization. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis measured a marked increase in nitrogen within the flake-like inclusion, and the almost complete absence of elements that are typically involved in inorganic crystallization. This rise in nitrogen could possibility be related to higher package density of proteins, achieved by mesostructure assembly. Conclusions:The ovisac lining of A. franciscana is endowed with numerous mesostructured inclusions that have not been previously reported. We hypothesize that their self-assembly was from proteinaceous polycrystalline units and carbohydrates. These mesostructured flakes displayed active optical properties, as an umbrella-like, reflective cover of the ovisac, which suggests a functional role in the reproduction of A. franciscana. In turn, studies into ovisac mesostructured inclusions could help to optimizing rearing Artemia as feed for fish farming. We propose Artemia ovisacs as an in vivo model system for studying mesostructure formation.

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Biochemical studies on sphingolipids of Artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids.

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Biochemical studies on sphingolipids of Artemia franciscana: novel neutral glycosphingolipids.

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