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Associations between abstinence in adolescence and economic and educational outcomes seven years later among high-risk youth.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated the relationship between abstinence and long-term educational and economic outcomes among a sample of high-risk youth.Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations between abstinence and outcomes among a sample of 13-17 year-olds referred to group homes in Los Angeles in 1999-2000 and followed for 87 months afterwards. Abstinence was measured during the first year of the study. We considered differential effects based on the duration of abstinence (12 vs. 6 months) and type of abstinence (all substances vs. use of alcohol and/or marijuana) on three 87-month outcomes: having received a high-school diploma or equivalent by age 20, institutionalization in the past 90 days, and total legitimate income for the past 90 days.Abstinence from all substances for 12 months was associated with positive long-term educational and economic outcomes relative to using any drug during the same time interval. Abstaining from all substances for 12 months was also associated with an increased likelihood of being a legitimate wage earner and decreased likelihood of being institutionalized relative to using only alcohol and/or marijuana during that time interval. No effect on long-term outcomes was seen among youth who abstained for only 6 months relative to those who used drugs during this interval, or for youth who used only alcohol and/or marijuana over 12 months vs. those who used other drugs during this interval.The results presented here justify continued and expanded efforts to promote long periods of abstinence from all drugs for high-risk youth.

SUBMITTER: Griffin BA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3025066 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between abstinence in adolescence and economic and educational outcomes seven years later among high-risk youth.

Griffin Beth Ann BA Ramchand Rajeev R Edelen Maria Orlando MO McCaffrey Daniel F DF Morral Andrew R AR

Drug and alcohol dependence 20100824 2-3

<h4>Aim</h4>In this study, we investigated the relationship between abstinence and long-term educational and economic outcomes among a sample of high-risk youth.<h4>Methods</h4>Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations between abstinence and outcomes among a sample of 13-17 year-olds referred to group homes in Los Angeles in 1999-2000 and followed for 87 months afterwards. Abstinence was measured during the first year of the study. We considered differential effects base ...[more]

PMID: 20797825

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Project description:BackgroundThere is limited knowledge on the association between lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. This study aimed to investigate whether an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with and without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain duration ≥3 consecutive months the last year) 11 years later.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway including 1824 adolescents (13-19 years old) was analysed. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months). The number of adverse lifestyle behaviours (low physical activity level, sleep problems, insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, smoking, frequent alcohol intoxication [drunkenness] and/or illicit drug use) were summed up to comprise an ordinal variable and analysed with 0 or 1 adverse behaviours as the reference. Multiple logistic regression analyses, stratified by individuals with and without baseline musculoskeletal pain, were conducted. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline, reporting ≥ four adverse lifestyle behaviours increased the odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36, 3.66) 11 years later. Two and three adverse behaviours were not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. In adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours was not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain.ConclusionAn accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 11 years later, but not in adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline.SignificanceAn accumulation of four or more adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. In future health care of adolescents with musculoskeletal pain, lifestyle behaviours should be assessed, with emphasis on accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours. Focusing on an accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours, rather than each individual behaviour, might provide a potential area for future research and interventions targeting musculoskeletal pain in youth.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Several countries have released movement guidelines for children under 5 that incorporate guidelines for sleep, physical activity and sedentary behavior. This study examines prospective associations of preschool children's compliance with the 24-Hour Australian movement guidelines (sleep, physical activity, screen time) and physiological, psychosocial and educational outcomes during primary school. METHODS:Data were from the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years Study (Melbourne, Australia; n?=?471; 3-5?years; 2008/9). Follow-ups occurred at 3 (2011/12; 6-8?years), 6 (2014/15; 9-11?years) and 7 (2016; 10-12?years) years post baseline. Multiple regression models assessed associations between compliance with guidelines at baseline and later outcomes. RESULTS:Children were 4.6?years at baseline (53% boys; 62% high socio-economic families). Most children met physical activity (89%) and sleep (93%) guidelines; 23% met screen-time guidelines; and 20% met all guidelines at baseline. Meeting all of the three guidelines was associated with lower BMI z-scores at 9-11?years of age (b?=?-?0.26, 95%CI -0.47, -?0.05). Meeting physical activity guidelines was associated with higher total body bone mineral density (b?=?0.64, 95%CI 0.15, 1.13), and total body bone mineral content (b?=?183.19, 95%CI 69.92, 296.46) at 10-12?years of age. Meeting sleep guidelines was associated with better reading (b?=?37.60, 95%CI 6.74, 68.46), spelling (b?=?34.95, 95%CI 6.65, 63.25), numeracy (b?=?39.09, 95%CI 11.75, 66.44), language (b?=?44.31, 95%CI 11.77, 76.85) and writing (b?=?25.93, 95%CI 0.30, 51.57) at 8-9?years of age. No associations were evident for compliance with screen-time guidelines or for psychosocial outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Compliance with different movement behavior guidelines was associated with different outcomes. Strategies to support children in meeting all of the guidelines are warranted to maximize health and educational outcomes. Future research investigating dose-response associations, and potential mechanisms, is necessary.

Dataset Information

Associations between abstinence in adolescence and economic and educational outcomes seven years later among high-risk youth.

Publications

Associations between abstinence in adolescence and economic and educational outcomes seven years later among high-risk youth.

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