Induction of metastatic gastric cancer by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ activation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pollock CB
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3026990 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are implicated in pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cancers of the digestive system.We investigated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PPAR ? and ? with gastric cancer and explored interactions with risk factors of gastric cancer.We conducted our analysis in a case-control study of 196 gastric cancer patients and 397 controls residing in the Taixing region of Jiangsu, China. Six SNPs in the PPAR? (rs2076167, rs3734254) and PPAR? genes (rs10865710, rs1801282, rs3856806, rs13306747) were genotyped. We employed logistic regression to evaluate the association between each genotype and gastric cancer and tested for gene-environment interaction with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, smoking status, and meat and salt intake.We found that the G/G variant rs2076167, in tight linkage disequilibrium with rs3734254 (R (2) = 0.97), was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a recessive model (OR 2.20, 95 % CI 1.12, 4.32). The association between G/G variant of rs2016167 and gastric cancer was particularly strong among those with higher salt intake (OR 5.11, 95 % CI 1.11, 23.5), but did not vary by H. pylori infection or smoking status.We found that genetic variants of PPAR? were associated with gastric cancer. If the association is confirmed in larger studies, it may implicate a role for PPAR? activators, such as insulin-sensitizing agents, in prevention of gastric cancer.
| S-EPMC3783538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Efforts to prevent recurrence in gastric cancer (GC) patients are limited by current incomplete understanding of the pathological mechanisms. The present study aimed to identify novel tumour metastasis-associated genes and investigate potential value of these genes in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes related to GC metastasis. The expression and prognostic significance of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were evaluated in two independent cohorts of GC patients. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, diverse mouse models and assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the roles and mechanisms of action of FABP4. Results: The results of the present multicentre study confirmed an association between a decrease in the expression of FABP4 and poor outcomes in GC patients. FABP4 inhibited GC metastasis but did not influence tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FABP4 binding with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) facilitated the translocation of PPAR-γ to the nucleus. FABP4 depletion suppressed PPAR-γ-mediated transcription of cell adhesion molecule 3 (CADM3), which preferentially governed GC metastasis. Notably, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone reversed the metastatic properties of FABP4-deficient GC cells in vitro and demonstrated viable therapeutic potential in multiple mouse models. For GC patients with diabetes, low FABP4 portends better prognosis than high FABP4 after receipt of rosiglitazone treatment. Additionally, chromatin inaccessibility induced by HDAC1 reduced FABP4 expression at the epigenetic level. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that chromatin inaccessibility orchestrates a reduction in FABP4 expression, which inhibits CADM3 transcription via PPAR-γ, thereby resulting in GC metastasis. The antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone restores PPAR-γ/CADM3 activation in FABP4-deficient GC and thus has promising therapeutic potential.
| S-EPMC8825587 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) may serve as a useful target for drug development in non-diabetic diseases. However, some colorectal cancer cells are resistant to PPAR? agonists by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we provide the first evidence that elevated PPAR? expression and/or activation of PPAR? antagonize the ability of PPAR? to induce colorectal carcinoma cell death. More importantly, the opposing effects of PPAR? and PPAR? in regulating programmed cell death are mediated by survivin and caspase-3. We found that activation of PPAR? results in decreased survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activity, whereas activation of PPAR? counteracts these effects. Our findings suggest that PPAR? and PPAR? coordinately regulate cancer cell fate by controlling the balance between the cell death and survival and demonstrate that inhibition of PPAR? can reprogram PPAR? ligand-resistant cells to respond to PPAR? agonists.
| S-EPMC4119401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR?) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis. Its activation stimulates antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, whose expression is decreased in aged human skin. Here we investigated the expression of PPAR? in aged and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated skin, and whether PPAR? activation can modulate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and procollagen through catalase regulation. We found that PPAR? mRNA level was significantly decreased in intrinsically aged and photoaged human skin as well as in UV-irradiated skin. A PPAR? activator, Wy14643, inhibited UV-induced increase of MMP-1 and decrease of procollagen expression and caused marked increase in catalase expression. Furthermore, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was suppressed by Wy14643 in UV-irradiated and aged dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that the PPAR? activation-induced upregulation of catalase leads to scavenging of ROS produced due to UV irradiation or aging. PPAR? knockdown decreased catalase expression and abolished the beneficial effects of Wy14643. Topical application of Wy14643 on hairless mice restored catalase activity and prevented MMP-13 and inflammatory responses in skin. Our findings indicate that PPAR? activation triggers catalase expression and ROS scavenging, thereby protecting skin from UV-induced damage and intrinsic aging.
| S-EPMC5017777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gastric cancer (GC) is a lethal malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Although treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have led to a decline in the mortality rate due to GC, chemoresistance remains as one of the major causes for poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of isorhamnetin (IH), a 3'-O-methylated metabolite of quercetin on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR-?) signaling cascade using proteomics technology platform, GC cell lines, and xenograft mice model. We observed that IH exerted a strong antiproliferative effect and increased cytotoxicity in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. IH also inhibited the migratory/invasive properties of GC cells, which could be reversed in the presence of PPAR-? inhibitor. We found that IH increased PPAR-? activity and modulated the expression of PPAR-? regulated genes in GC cells. Also, the increase in PPAR-? activity was reversed in the presence of PPAR-?-specific inhibitor and a mutated PPAR-? dominant negative plasmid, supporting our hypothesis that IH can act as a ligand of PPAR-?. Using molecular docking analysis, we demonstrate that IH formed interactions with seven polar residues and six nonpolar residues within the ligand-binding pocket of PPAR-? that are reported to be critical for its activity and could competitively bind to PPAR-?. IH significantly increased the expression of PPAR-? in tumor tissues obtained from xenograft model of GC. Overall, our findings clearly indicate that antitumor effects of IH may be mediated through modulation of the PPAR-? activation pathway in GC.
| S-EPMC3488073 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effect of activation and overexpression of the nuclear receptor PPAR-?/? in human MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor-negative; ER(-)) and MCF7 (estrogen-receptor-positive; ER(+)) breast cancer cell lines was examined. Target gene induction by ligand activation of PPAR-?/? was increased by overexpression of PPAR-?/? compared with controls. Overexpression of PPAR-?/? caused a decrease in cell proliferation in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared with controls, whereas ligand activation of PPAR-?/? further inhibited proliferation of MCF7 but not MDA-MB-231 cells. Overexpression and/or ligand activation of PPAR-?/? in MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 cells had no effect on experimental apoptosis. Decreased clonogenicity was observed in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 overexpressing PPAR-?/? in response to ligand activation of PPAR-?/? as compared with controls. Ectopic xenografts developed from MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells overexpressing PPAR-?/? were significantly smaller, and ligand activation of PPAR-?/? caused an even greater reduction in tumor volume as compared with controls. Interestingly, the decrease in MDA-MB-231 tumor size after overexpressing PPAR-?/? and ligand activation of PPAR-?/? correlated with increased necrosis. These data show that ligand activation and/or overexpression of PPAR-?/? in two human breast cancer cell lines inhibits relative breast cancer tumorigenicity and provide further support for the development of ligands for PPAR-?/? to specifically inhibit breast carcinogenesis. These new cell-based models will be invaluable tools for delineating the role of PPAR-?/? in breast cancer and evaluating the effects of PPAR-?/? agonists.
| S-EPMC3981956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. There are three subtypes of PPARs, including PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. They are expressed in different tissues and act by regulating the expression of target genes in the form of binding to ligands. Various subtypes of PPAR have been shown to have significant roles in a wide range of biological processes including lipid metabolism, body energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, bone formation, tissue repair and remodelling. Recent studies have found that PPARs are closely related to tumours. They are involved in cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and tumour immune response, and are essential components in tumour progression and metastasis. As such, they have become a target for cancer therapy research. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge on the involvement of PPARs in cancer, including their role in tumourigenesis, the impact of PPARs in tumour microenvironment and the potential of using PPARs combinational therapy to treat cancer by targeting essential signal pathways, or as adjuvants to boost the effects of current chemo and immunotherapies. Our review highlights the complexity of PPARs in cancer and the need for a better understanding of the mechanism in order to design effective cancer therapies.
| S-EPMC10902584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
| S-EPMC9368267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) is a ligand-binding inducible transcriptional factor linked to carcinogenesis. Important functions of PPARbeta/delta were demonstrated in series of human epithelial cancers; however, its role in lung cancer remains controversial. We investigated the differential expression level and localization of PPARbeta/delta in tumors and adjacent normal lung tissue, and the effect of PPARbeta/delta activation on lung cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. PPARbeta/delta was expressed in all studied human non-small cell lung cancers, and strong PPARbeta/delta immunoreactivity was observed in epithelial cells of more than 75% of studied lung tumors. PPARbeta/delta expression was consistently limited to the cancer cells in tumor tissue, while in adjacent normal lung tissue it was limited predominantly to the mononuclear cells. We found that ligand-binding activation of PPARbeta/delta stimulates cell proliferation (an effect that was blocked by a dominant-negative construct of PPARbeta/delta), stimulates anchorage-independent cell growth, and inhibits apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines. Importantly, the activation of PPARbeta/delta induces Akt phosphorylation correlated with up-regulation of PDK1, down-regulation of PTEN, and increased expression of Bcl-xL and COX-2. These findings indicate that PPARbeta/delta exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects via PI3K/Akt1 and COX-2 pathways. In conclusion, PPARbeta/delta is strongly expressed in the majority of lung cancers, and its activation induces proliferative and survival response in non-small cell lung cancer.
| S-EPMC3159083 | biostudies-other
Project description:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. In addition to its canonical role in lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-gamma controls cell proliferation, death, and differentiation in several tissues. Here we have examined the expression of PPAR-gamma in ovarian tumors and the cellular and molecular consequences of its activation in ovarian cancer cells. PPAR-gamma was expressed in a large number of epithelial ovarian tumors and cell lines. The PPAR-gamma ligand ciglitazone inhibited the growth and clonogenic survival of ovarian cancer cells, inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death. Growth inhibition by ciglitazone was reversed by the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662, indicating the involvement of PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanisms. Microarray-based gene profiling revealed complex changes in the transcriptional program of ovarian cancer cells on treatment with ciglitazone and identified multiple pathways that may contribute to PPAR-gamma ligands' antitumor activity. Genes upregulated by ciglitazone were predominantly associated with metabolic, differentiation, and tumor-suppressor pathways, whereas downregulated genes were involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell organization, and steroid biosynthesis. Collectively, our data indicate that PPAR-gamma activation by selective agonists is a valid strategy for ovarian cancer therapy and prevention, and should be tested alone and in combination with other anticancer drugs.
| S-EPMC1715924 | biostudies-literature