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The denatured state dictates the topology of two proteins with almost identical sequence but different native structure and function.

ABSTRACT: The protein folding problem is often studied by comparing the mechanisms of proteins sharing the same structure but different sequence. The recent design of the two proteins G(A)88 and G(B)88, displaying different structures and functions while sharing 88% sequence identity (49 out of 56 amino acids), allows the unique opportunity for a complementary approach. At which stage of its folding pathway does a protein commit to a given topology? Which residues are crucial in directing folding mechanisms to a given structure? By using a combination of biophysical and computational techniques, we have characterized the folding of both G(A)88 and G(B)88. We show that, contrary to expectation, G(B)88, characterized by a native ?+? fold, displays in the denatured state a content of native-like helical structure greater than G(A)88, which is all-? in its native state. Both experiments and simulations indicate that such residual structure may be tuned by changing pH. Thus, despite the high sequence identity, the folding pathways for these two proteins appear to diverge as early as in the denatured state. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby protein topology is committed very early along the folding pathway, being imprinted in the residual structure of the denatured state.

SUBMITTER: Morrone A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3030387 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The denatured state dictates the topology of two proteins with almost identical sequence but different native structure and function.

Morrone Angela A McCully Michelle E ME Bryan Philip N PN Brunori Maurizio M Daggett Valerie V Gianni Stefano S Travaglini-Allocatelli Carlo C

The Journal of biological chemistry 20101129 5

The protein folding problem is often studied by comparing the mechanisms of proteins sharing the same structure but different sequence. The recent design of the two proteins G(A)88 and G(B)88, displaying different structures and functions while sharing 88% sequence identity (49 out of 56 amino acids), allows the unique opportunity for a complementary approach. At which stage of its folding pathway does a protein commit to a given topology? Which residues are crucial in directing folding mechanis ...[more]

PMID: 21118804

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Project description:Cold denaturation is a general property of globular proteins, and the process provides insight into the origins of the cooperativity of protein folding and the nature of partially folded states. Unfortunately, studies of protein cold denaturation have been hindered by the fact that the cold denatured state is normally difficult to access experimentally. Special conditions such as addition of high concentrations of denaturant, encapsulation into reverse micelles, the formation of emulsified solutions, high pressure, or extremes of pH have been applied, but these can perturb the unfolded state of proteins. The cold denatured state of the C-terminal domain of the ribosomal protein L9 can be populated under native-like conditions by taking advantage of a destabilizing point mutation which leads to cold denaturation at temperatures above 0 degrees C. This state is in slow exchange with the native state on the NMR time scale. Virtually complete backbone (15)N, (13)C, and (1)H as well as side-chain (13)C(beta) and (1)H(beta) chemical shift assignments were obtained for the cold denatured state at pH 5.7, 12 degrees C. Chemical shift analysis, backbone N-H residual dipolar couplings, amide proton NOEs, and R(2) relaxation rates all indicate that the cold denatured state of CTL9 (the C-terminal domain of the ribosomal protein L9) not only contains significant native-like secondary structure but also non-native structure. The regions corresponding to the two native alpha-helices show a strong tendency to populate helical Phi and Psi angles. The segment which connects alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand 2 (residues 107-124) in the native state exhibits a significant preference to form non-native helical structure in the cold denatured state. The structure observed in the cold denatured state of the I98A mutant is similar to that observed in the pH 3.8 unfolded state of wild type CTL9 at 25 degrees C, suggesting that it is a robust feature of the denatured state ensemble of this protein. The implications for protein folding and for studies of cold denatured states are discussed.

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The denatured state dictates the topology of two proteins with almost identical sequence but different native structure and function.

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The denatured state dictates the topology of two proteins with almost identical sequence but different native structure and function.

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