Dataset Information

Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Antananarivo, Madagascar, July 2008 to June 2009.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In Madagascar, despite an influenza surveillance established since 1978, little is known about the etiology and prevalence of viruses other than influenza causing influenza-like illnesses (ILIs).

Methodology/principal findings

From July 2008 to June 2009, we collected respiratory specimens from patients who presented ILIs symptoms in public and private clinics in Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar). ILIs were defined as body temperature ?38°C and cough and at least two of the following symptoms: sore throat, rhinorrhea, headache and muscular pain, for a maximum duration of 3 days. We screened these specimens using five multiplex real time Reverse Transcription and/or Polymerase Chain Reaction assays for detection of 14 respiratory viruses. We detected respiratory viruses in 235/313 (75.1%) samples. Overall influenza virus A (27.3%) was the most common virus followed by rhinovirus (24.8%), RSV (21.2%), adenovirus (6.1%), coronavirus OC43 (6.1%), influenza virus B (3.9%), parainfluenza virus-3 (2.9%), and parainfluenza virus-1 (2.3%). Co-infections occurred in 29.4% (69/235) of infected patients and rhinovirus was the most detected virus (27.5%). Children under 5 years were more likely to have one or more detectable virus associated with their ILI. In this age group, compared to those ?5 years, the risk of detecting more than one virus was higher (OR?=?1.9), as was the risk of detecting of RSV (OR?=?10.1) and adenovirus (OR?=?4.7). While rhinovirus and adenovirus infections occurred year round, RSV, influenza virus A and coronavirus OC43 had defined period of circulation.

Conclusions

In our study, we found that respiratory viruses play an important role in ILIs in the Malagasy community, particularly in children under 5 years old. These data provide a better understanding of the viral etiology of outpatients with ILI and describe for the first time importance of these viruses in different age group and their period of circulation.

SUBMITTER: Razanajatovo NH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3048401 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Antananarivo, Madagascar, July 2008 to June 2009.

Razanajatovo Norosoa Harline NH Richard Vincent V Hoffmann Jonathan J Reynes Jean-Marc JM Razafitrimo Girard Marcellin GM Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa RV Heraud Jean-Michel JM

PloS one 20110303 3

<h4>Background</h4>In Madagascar, despite an influenza surveillance established since 1978, little is known about the etiology and prevalence of viruses other than influenza causing influenza-like illnesses (ILIs).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>From July 2008 to June 2009, we collected respiratory specimens from patients who presented ILIs symptoms in public and private clinics in Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar). ILIs were defined as body temperature ≥38°C and cough and at ...[more]

PMID: 21390235

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Project description:Pneumonia hospitalization rates are frequently reported as a measure of pneumonia disease burden in the United States. However, a detailed understanding of pneumonia burden in all health care settings, including the emergency department (ED), is essential for measuring the full effect of this disease on the population and planning and evaluating interventions to reduce pneumonia-related morbidity. The aim of this study was to quantify pneumonia-attributable ED visits in the United States among children and adults during the 3-year period July 2006 through June 2009.Rates of pneumonia ED visits were calculated using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the largest source of U.S. ED data. Pneumonia ED visits were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes within NEDS. A pneumonia ED visit was defined by a primary (first-listed) pneumonia discharge diagnosis or a secondary pneumonia diagnosis with an accompanying primary diagnosis of respiratory failure, shock, septicemia, a sign or symptom consistent with pneumonia, another acute respiratory infection, or an acute exacerbation of a chronic pulmonary disease. Population-based annual rates of pneumonia ED visits stratified by age group and geographic region from July 2006 through June 2009 were calculated. The percentages of pneumonia ED visits resulting in treat-and-release outpatient ED visits were also calculated within each age stratum.During the study period, 6,917,025 ED visits for pneumonia were identified, representing 2.2% of all U.S. ED visits. During the 3 study years, defined as July through June of 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009, pneumonia ED visit rates per 1,000 person-years were 7.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.0 to 7.8), 7.8 (95% CI = 7.3 to 8.2), and 7.6 (95% CI = 7.1 to 8.0), respectively. Annual rates were stable over the 3 years within each age group and geographic region. Overall, 39.3% of pneumonia ED visits, including 74.5% of pediatric and 28.1% of adult visits, were managed as treat-and-release outpatient visits.Pneumonia accounts for 2.2% of ED visits in the United States and results in approximately seven to eight ED visits per 1000 persons per year. A substantial proportion of pneumonia cases diagnosed in the ED are managed in treat-and-release ED outpatient visits, highlighting that enumeration of ED visit rates provides important complementary information to hospitalization rates for the assessment of pneumonia burden.

Dataset Information

Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Antananarivo, Madagascar, July 2008 to June 2009.

Background

Methodology/principal findings

Conclusions

Publications

Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Antananarivo, Madagascar, July 2008 to June 2009.

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