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Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Cannabis dependence is a significant public health problem. Because there are no approved medications for this condition, treatment must rely on behavioral approaches empirically complemented by such lifestyle change as exercise. AIMS:To examine the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on cannabis craving and use in cannabis dependent adults under normal living conditions. DESIGN:Participants attended 10 supervised 30-min treadmill exercise sessions standardized using heart rate (HR) monitoring (60-70% HR reserve) over 2 weeks. Exercise sessions were conducted by exercise physiologists under medical oversight. PARTICIPANTS:Sedentary or minimally active non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults (n?=?12, age 25±3 years, 8 females) met criteria for primary cannabis dependence using the Substance Abuse module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). MEASUREMENTS:Self-reported drug use was assessed for 1-week before, during, and 2-weeks after the study. Participants viewed visual cannabis cues before and after exercise in conjunction with assessment of subjective cannabis craving using the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ-SF). FINDINGS:Daily cannabis use within the run-in period was 5.9 joints per day (SD?=?3.1, range 1.8-10.9). Average cannabis use levels within the exercise (2.8 joints, SD?=?1.6, range 0.9-5.4) and follow-up (4.1 joints, SD?=?2.5, range 1.1-9.5) periods were lower than during the run-in period (both P<.005). Average MCQ factor scores for the pre- and post-exercise craving assessments were reduced for compulsivity (P ?=?.006), emotionality (P ?=?.002), expectancy (P ?=?.002), and purposefulness (P ?=?.002). CONCLUSIONS:The findings of this pilot study warrant larger, adequately powered controlled trials to test the efficacy of prescribed moderate aerobic exercise as a component of cannabis dependence treatment. The neurobiological mechanisms that account for these beneficial effects on cannabis use may lead to understanding of the physical and emotional underpinnings of cannabis dependence and recovery from this disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00838448].

SUBMITTER: Buchowski MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3050879 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults.

Buchowski Maciej S MS Meade Natalie N NN Charboneau Evonne E Park Sohee S Dietrich Mary S MS Cowan Ronald L RL Martin Peter R PR

PloS one 20110308 3

<h4>Background</h4>Cannabis dependence is a significant public health problem. Because there are no approved medications for this condition, treatment must rely on behavioral approaches empirically complemented by such lifestyle change as exercise.<h4>Aims</h4>To examine the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on cannabis craving and use in cannabis dependent adults under normal living conditions.<h4>Design</h4>Participants attended 10 supervised 30-min treadmill exercise sessions standardized ...[more]

PMID: 21408154

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Project description:New findingsWhat is the central question of this study? What is the effect of sub-maximal aerobic exercise training on signs and symptoms of chronic mountain sickness (CMS) in Andean highlanders? What is the main finding and its importance? Aerobic exercise training (ET) effectively reduces haematocrit, ameliorates symptoms and improves aerobic capacity in CMS patients, suggesting that a regular aerobic ET programme might be used as a low-cost non-invasive/non-pharmacological management strategy of this syndrome.AbstractExcessive erythrocytosis is the hallmark sign of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), a debilitating syndrome associated with neurological symptoms and increased cardiovascular risk. We have shown that unlike sedentary residents at the same altitude, trained individuals maintain haematocrit within sea-level range, and thus we hypothesise that aerobic exercise training (ET) might reduce excessive haematocrit and ameliorate CMS signs and symptoms. Eight highlander men (38 ± 12 years) with CMS (haematocrit: 70.6 ± 1.9%, CMS score: 8.8 ± 1.4) from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4340 m) participated in the study. Baseline assessment included haematocrit, CMS score, pulse oximetry, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and in-office plus 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Blood samples were collected to assess cardiometabolic, erythropoietic, and haemolysis markers. ET consisted of pedalling exercise in a cycloergometer at 60% of V̇O2peak for 1 h/day, 4 days/week for 8 weeks, and participants were assessed at weeks 4 and 8. Haematocrit and CMS score decreased significantly by week 8 (to 65.6 ± 6.6%, and 3.5 ± 0.8, respectively, P < 0.05), while V̇O2peak and maximum workload increased with ET (33.8 ± 2.4 vs. 37.2 ± 2.0 ml/min/kg, P < 0.05; and 172.5 ± 9.4 vs. 210.0 ± 27.8 W, P < 0.01; respectively). Except for an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, other blood markers and BP showed no differences. Our results suggest that reduction of haematocrit and CMS symptoms results mainly from haemodilution due to plasma volume expansion rather than to haemolysis. In conclusion, we show that ET can effectively reduce haematocrit, ameliorate symptoms and improve aerobic capacity in CMS patients, suggesting that regular aerobic exercise might be used as a low-cost non-invasive and non-pharmacological management strategy.

Dataset Information

Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults.

Publications

Aerobic exercise training reduces cannabis craving and use in non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults.

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