Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the KCNN3 gene associate with preterm birth.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Day LJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3053422 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB), birth at <37 weeks of gestation, is a significant global public health problem. World-wide, about 15 million babies are born preterm each year resulting in more than a million deaths of children. Preterm neonates are more prone to problems and need intensive care hospitalization. Health issues may persist through early adulthood and even be carried on to the next generation. Majority (70 %) of PTBs are spontaneous with about a half without any apparent cause and the other half associated with a number of risk factors. Genetic factors are one of the significant risks for PTB. The focus of this review is on single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) that are reported to be associated with PTB.ResultsA comprehensive evaluation of studies on SNPs known to confer potential risk of PTB was done by performing a targeted PubMed search for the years 2007-2015 and systematically reviewing all relevant studies. Evaluation of 92 studies identified 119 candidate genes with SNPs that had potential association with PTB. The genes were associated with functions of a wide spectrum of tissue and cell types such as endocrine, tissue remodeling, vascular, metabolic, and immune and inflammatory systems.ConclusionsA number of potential functional candidate gene variants have been reported that predispose women for PTB. Understanding the complex genomic landscape of PTB needs high-throughput genome sequencing methods such as whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing approaches that will significantly enhance the understanding of PTB. Identification of high risk women, avoidance of possible risk factors, and provision of personalized health care are important to manage PTB.
| S-EPMC5073925 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Preterm birth (PTB) is an important issue in neonates because of its complications as well as high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of PTB is approximately 12-13% in USA and 5-9% in many other developed countries. China represents 7.8% (approximately one million) of 14.9 million babies born prematurely annually worldwide. The rate of PTB is still increasing. Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are the major causes of PTB. Inflammation is regarded as an enabling characteristic factor of PTB. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literatures to illustrate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes in PTB. These polymorphisms are different among different geographic regions and different races, thus different populations may have different risk factors of PTB. SNPs affect the ability to metabolize poisonous substances and determine inflammation susceptibility, which in turn has an influence on reproduction-related risks and on delivery outcomes after exposure to environmental toxicants and pathogenic organisms.
| S-EPMC4729103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effect of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms on adverse pregnancy outcomes-including preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight and small for gestational age-is currently under debate. We investigated 187 mother-child pairs from the Italian "Mamma & Bambino" cohort to evaluate the association of maternal VDR polymorphisms-BsmI, ApaI, FokI and TaqI-with neonatal anthropometric measures and the risk of PTB. To corroborate our results, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies. For the FokI polymorphism, we showed that gestational duration and birth weight decreased with increasing number of A allele (p = 0.040 and p = 0.010, respectively). Compared to the GG and GA genotypes, mothers who carried the AA genotype exhibited higher PTB risk (OR = 12.049; 95% CI = 2.606⁻55.709; p = 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. The meta-analysis confirmed this association under the recessive model (OR = 3.67, 95%CI 1.18⁻11.43), and also pointed out the protective effect of BsmI polymorphism against the risk of PTB under the allelic (A vs. G: OR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.59⁻0.93) and recessive (AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 0.62; 95%CI 0.43⁻0.89) models. Our results suggest the association between some maternal VDR polymorphisms with neonatal anthropometric measures and the risk of PTB.
| S-EPMC6164379 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To compare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G in placentas between spontaneous preterm birth and preeclampsia pregnancies.Placental samples matched for gestational age were obtained from 20 cases of spontaneous preterm births and 19 cases of preeclampsia. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from placenta tissue and the 3'UTR region of HLA-G was amplified via polymerase chain reaction. Nine SNPs were analyzed by direct Sanger sequencing. There was no significant difference in gestational age at delivery or birth weight between two groups. And there were no significant differences in the allele and phenotype frequencies between two groups.
| S-EPMC5853103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of the present study was to search for associations between spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the apoptotic pathway as triggered by oxidative stress, maternal lifestyle and health status. SNP genotyping [rs7560 for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), rs9517320 for mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 3 (MST3), rs1049216 for caspase 3 (CASP3)] in the placenta and maternal blood of 300 controls with at-term birth and 43 cases of sPTB was performed. No association was identified in genotype frequencies or combinations of foetal/maternal genotypes between single SNPs and sPTB. The risk of sPTB was significantly reduced by physical activity and significantly increased by current hypertensive diseases, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or preterm PROM (P-PROM) and previous sPTB. The TT/GA genotype of JNK/CASP3 in maternal blood and maternal health status (current hypertensive diseases, current PROM/P-PROM, previous sPTB) were independently associated with sPTB. The present findings suggested that, independently of other maternal factors, pregnant women carrying the TT/GA genotype of JNK/CASP3 were more susceptible to sPTB than women bearing the GT/GA (our reference) genotype; that the apoptotic pathway triggered by oxidative stress was involved; and that genetic and non-genetic factors contributed to sPTB. Knowledge of these aspects may aid to improve the management of pregnancies by indicating the lifestyle to be adopted on the basis of sPTB susceptibility.
| S-EPMC6007038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oxytocin is crucially involved in the onset and maintenance of labor. We investigated the association between oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms and preterm birth. The presence of four common oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2228485 and rs237911) was evaluated in one hundred women with preterm birth and one hundred healthy women using restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping. No association was found between the presence of any individual oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism and preterm birth. In haplotype analysis, the haplotype combination of rs2254298 A allele, rs2228485 C allele and rs237911 G allele was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR=3.2 [CI 1.04-9.8], p=0.043). In conclusion our findings suggest that a combination of three oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. We propose further studies investigating the role of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms and preterm birth.
| S-EPMC3810236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity has been reported to be higher in African Americans (AA) than Caucasians (Cau). COMT converts 2- and 4-hydroxy (OH) estrogens to 2- and 4-methoxyestrogens, respectively, and can increase estrogenic milieu locally in tissues. To assess whether the increased incidence of preterm birth (PTB) among AA women is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the COMT gene, we examined variations in maternal and fetal COMT genes and their association with pregnancy outcomes (term vs preterm pregnancies) using 4 functional SNPs: rs4633, rs4680, rs4818, and rs6269 in both AA and Cau. We analyzed samples from 267 AA women (191 term and 76 preterm pregnancies) and 339 Cau (194 term and 145 preterm pregnancies) in this study. The results showed a significant difference (P < .05) in allele and genotype frequencies between term and preterm AA and Cau women in 3 SNPs in both maternal and fetal DNA. The analysis revealed that in AA fetal COMT genes, SNP rs4818 is associated with PTB at the allele (C; P < .001), genotype (C/C; P < .01), and 2- (P < .03) and 3 (P < .04)-window haplotype levels. Multidimensionality reduction analysis also showed a significant (P < .01) association between rs4818 and PTB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that a synonymous polymorphism, rs4818 in the fetal COMT gene, is associated with PTB in AA.
| S-EPMC3343133 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The genetic background of an individual plays an important role in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Identifying previously unknown or uncharacterized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with disease progression may reveal important therapeutic targets and provide a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis. In the present study, we employed ultra-high multiplex PCR on an Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform to sequence 23 innate immune genes from 94 individuals with HIV/AIDS. This data was used to identify potential associations of SNPs with clinical parameters and disease progression. SNPs that associated with an increased viral load were identified in the genes for the interleukin 15 receptor (IL15RA), toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5), and two killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3). Additionally, SNPs that associated with progression from HIV infection to AIDS were identified in two 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase genes (OAS2 and OAS3). In contrast, other SNPs identified in OAS2 and OAS3 genes, as well as in the TRIM5 and KIR2DS4 genes, were associated with a slower progression of disease. Taken together, our data demonstrates the utility of ultra-high multiplex PCR in identifying polymorphisms of potential clinical significance and further,identifies SNPs that may play a role in HIV pathogenesis.
| S-EPMC5165134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in a number of eukaryotic species. Information on the frequency, nature, and distribution of SNPs in plant genomes is limited. Thus, our objectives were (1) to determine SNP frequency in coding and noncoding soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) DNA sequence amplified from genomic DNA using PCR primers designed to complete genes, cDNAs, and random genomic sequence; (2) to characterize haplotype variation in these sequences; and (3) to provide initial estimates of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in soybean. Approximately 28.7 kbp of coding sequence, 37.9 kbp of noncoding perigenic DNA, and 9.7 kbp of random noncoding genomic DNA were sequenced in each of 25 diverse soybean genotypes. Over the >76 kbp, mean nucleotide diversity expressed as Watterson's theta was 0.00097. Nucleotide diversity was 0.00053 and 0.00111 in coding and in noncoding perigenic DNA, respectively, lower than estimates in the autogamous model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Haplotype analysis of SNP-containing fragments revealed a deficiency of haplotypes vs. the number that would be anticipated at linkage equilibrium. In 49 fragments with three or more SNPs, five haplotypes were present in one fragment while four or less were present in the remaining 48, thereby supporting the suggestion of relatively limited genetic variation in cultivated soybean. Squared allele-frequency correlations (r(2)) among haplotypes at 54 loci with two or more SNPs indicated low genome-wide LD. The low level of LD and the limited haplotype diversity suggested that the genome of any given soybean accession is a mosaic of three or four haplotypes. To facilitate SNP discovery and the development of a transcript map, subsets of four to six diverse genotypes, whose sequence analysis would permit the discovery of at least 75% of all SNPs present in the 25 genotypes as well as 90% of the common (frequency >0.10) SNPs, were identified.
| S-EPMC1462490 | biostudies-other
Project description:INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a chronic, neurovascular polygenic disease where genetic and environmental factors are involved in its etiology. Dysfunction of neuronal ion transportation can provide a model for predisposition for common forms of migraine. Mutations in genes encoding ion channels disturb the rhythmic function of exposed tissue that may also explain the episodic nature of migraine. Our aim was to study the single nucleotide polymorphisms of CACNA1A gene in migraine patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were the patients of migraine, in the age range of 18-80 years, diagnosed by a Neurologist, as per the diagnostic criteria of International Headache Society (IHS) Classification 2004 after excluding other causes of headache by clinical examination and relevant investigations. The controls were the age and sex matched healthy persons from the same population excluding the relatives of patients. Only those patients and the controls, who voluntarily participated in the study, were taken and their blood samples were taken for the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol for Qiagen DNA extraction kits (Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). DNA content was quantified by spectrophotometric absorption (Nanodrop Spectrophotometer, BioLab, Scoresby, VIC, Australia). Polymerase chain reaction was performed using an iCycler Thermal Cycler (Bio.Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The polymorphic analysis of CACNA1A gene was carried out by two methods: Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. RESULTS: The study included a total of 25 patients of migraine, diagnosed on out-patient department basis as per IHS Classification 2004 and compared with age and sex matched 25 healthy controls. Most of the patients 23 (92%) were below the age of 50 years. 20 of the patients (80%) were females and 5 (20%) were males. The polymorphic analysis of CACNA1A gene revealed the presence of only the wild form of the gene for the codon E993V in both case and control groups. CONCLUSION: In our study, we could not find any polymorphism of CACNA1A gene in the selected patients. Instead the wild type of genotype was found in both patients and controls. This negative result presented here, implies that if the CACNA1A gene is involved in typical migraine (with and without aura), its contribution is very modest and therefore difficult to discern. Nevertheless, there are other genes that could be considered potential candidates for typical migraine susceptibility for which further research is needed.
| S-EPMC4065480 | biostudies-other