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Calculation of the Vibrational Stark Effect Using a First-Principles QM/MM Approach.

ABSTRACT: The proper description of the electric environment of condensed phases is a critical challenge for force field methods. To test and validate the ability of the CHARMM additive force field to describe the electric environment in aqueous solution combined QM/MM calculations have been used to calculate the vibrational Stark effect (VSE). We utilized a first principles methodology using correlated electronic structure techniques to compute the Stark shift between the gas phase and solvent environments and between two different solvent environments of three VSE probes containing acetonitrile or fluorine functionalities which have been well-characterized experimentally. Reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined Stark shifts is obtained when the MM atoms are described by the CHARMM additive force field, though it is essential to employ an anharmonic correction in the frequency calculation. In addition, the electric field created by the solvent is computed along the CN bond and a theoretical Stark tuning rate is determined for acetonitrile and shown to be in satisfactory agreement with experiment.

SUBMITTER: Ringer AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3058488 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Calculation of the Vibrational Stark Effect Using a First-Principles QM/MM Approach.

Ringer Ashley L AL Mackerell Alexander D AD

The journal of physical chemistry letters 20110201 2

The proper description of the electric environment of condensed phases is a critical challenge for force field methods. To test and validate the ability of the CHARMM additive force field to describe the electric environment in aqueous solution combined QM/MM calculations have been used to calculate the vibrational Stark effect (VSE). We utilized a first principles methodology using correlated electronic structure techniques to compute the Stark shift between the gas phase and solvent environmen ...[more]

PMID: 21423871

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Project description:Over the past decade, we have developed a spectroscopic approach to measure electric fields inside matter with high spatial (<1 Å) and field (<1 MV/cm) resolution. The approach hinges on exploiting a physical phenomenon known as the vibrational Stark effect (VSE), which ultimately provides a direct mapping between observed vibrational frequencies and electric fields. Therefore, the frequency of a vibrational probe encodes information about the local electric field in the vicinity around the probe. The VSE method has enabled us to understand in great detail the underlying physical nature of several important biomolecular phenomena, such as drug-receptor selectivity in tyrosine kinases, catalysis by the enzyme ketosteroid isomerase, and unidirectional electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction center. Beyond these specific examples, the VSE has provided a conceptual foundation for how to model intermolecular (noncovalent) interactions in a quantitative, consistent, and general manner. The starting point for research in this area is to choose (or design) a vibrational probe to interrogate the particular system of interest. Vibrational probes are sometimes intrinsic to the system in question, but we have also devised ways to build them into the system (extrinsic probes), often with minimal perturbation. With modern instruments, vibrational frequencies can increasingly be recorded with very high spatial, temporal, and frequency resolution, affording electric field maps correspondingly resolved in space, time, and field magnitude. In this Account, we set out to explain the VSE in broad strokes to make its relevance accessible to chemists of all specialties. Our intention is not to provide an encyclopedic review of published work but rather to motivate the underlying framework of the methodology and to describe how we make and interpret the measurements. Using certain vibrational probes, benchmarked against computer models, it is possible to use the VSE to measure absolute electric fields in arbitrary environments. The VSE approach provides an organizing framework for thinking generally about intermolecular interactions in a quantitative way and may serve as a useful conceptual tool for molecular design.

Dataset Information

Calculation of the Vibrational Stark Effect Using a First-Principles QM/MM Approach.

Publications

Calculation of the Vibrational Stark Effect Using a First-Principles QM/MM Approach.

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