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Quantitative reactivity profiling predicts functional cysteines in proteomes.

ABSTRACT: Cysteine is the most intrinsically nucleophilic amino acid in proteins, where its reactivity is tuned to perform diverse biochemical functions. The absence of a consensus sequence that defines functional cysteines in proteins has hindered their discovery and characterization. Here we describe a proteomics method to profile quantitatively the intrinsic reactivity of cysteine residues en masse directly in native biological systems. Hyper-reactivity was a rare feature among cysteines and it was found to specify a wide range of activities, including nucleophilic and reductive catalysis and sites of oxidative modification. Hyper-reactive cysteines were identified in several proteins of uncharacterized function, including a residue conserved across eukaryotic phylogeny that we show is required for yeast viability and is involved in iron-sulphur protein biogenesis. We also demonstrate that quantitative reactivity profiling can form the basis for screening and functional assignment of cysteines in computationally designed proteins, where it discriminated catalytically active from inactive cysteine hydrolase designs.

SUBMITTER: Weerapana E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3058684 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quantitative reactivity profiling predicts functional cysteines in proteomes.

Weerapana Eranthie E Wang Chu C Simon Gabriel M GM Richter Florian F Khare Sagar S Dillon Myles B D MB Bachovchin Daniel A DA Mowen Kerri K Baker David D Cravatt Benjamin F BF

Nature 20101117 7325

Cysteine is the most intrinsically nucleophilic amino acid in proteins, where its reactivity is tuned to perform diverse biochemical functions. The absence of a consensus sequence that defines functional cysteines in proteins has hindered their discovery and characterization. Here we describe a proteomics method to profile quantitatively the intrinsic reactivity of cysteine residues en masse directly in native biological systems. Hyper-reactivity was a rare feature among cysteines and it was fou ...[more]

PMID: 21085121

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Project description:Cysteine is unique among all protein-coding amino acids owing to its intrinsically high nucleophilicity. The cysteinyl thiol group can be covalently modified by both a broad range of redox mechanisms and various electrophiles derived from exogenous or endogenous sources. Measuring proteomic cysteines response to redox perturbation or electrophiles is critical for understanding the underlying mechanisms involved. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) based on thiol-reactive probes has been the method of choice for such analyses. We therefore adapted this approach and developed a new chemoproteomic platform, termed as QTRP (Quantitative Thiol Reactivity Profiling), that relies on the ability of a commercially available thiol-reactive probe IPM to covalently label, enrich, and quantify the reactive cysteinome in cells and tissues. Here, we provide a detailed and updated workflow of QTRP that includes procedures for (i) labeling of the reactive cysteinome from cell or tissue samples (e.g. control vs treatment) with IPM, (ii) processing the protein samples into tryptic peptides and tagging the probe-modified peptides with isotopically labeled azido-biotin reagents containing a photo-cleavable linker via click chemistry reaction, (iii) capturing biotin-conjugated peptides with streptavidin beads, (iv) identifying and quantifying the photo-released peptides by mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics, (v) interpreting MS data by a streamlined informatic pipeline using a proteomics software, pFind 3, and an automatic post-processing algorithm. We also outline here how to use QTRP for measuring the changes on proteomic cysteines upon redox perturbation and for identifying targeted cysteine sites of thiol-reactive electrophiles. We anticipate that this protocol should find broad applications in both redox/chemical biology and drug discovery. The protocol for sample preparation takes 3 days, whereas MS measurements and data analyses require 75 min and <30 min, respectively, per sample.

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Quantitative reactivity profiling predicts functional cysteines in proteomes.

Publications

Quantitative reactivity profiling predicts functional cysteines in proteomes.

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