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An infant-associated bacterial commensal utilizes breast milk sialyloligosaccharides.

ABSTRACT: Lactating mothers secrete milk sialyloligosaccharides (MSOs) that function as anti-adhesives once provided to the neonate. Particular infant-associated commensals, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, consume neutral milk oligosaccharides, although their ability to utilize acidic oligosaccharides has not been assessed. Temporal glycoprofiling of acidic HMO consumed during fermentation demonstrated a single composition, with several isomers, corresponding to sialylated lacto-N-tetraose. To utilize MSO, B. longum subsp. infantis deploys a sialidase that cleaves ?2-6 and ?2-3 linkages. NanH2, encoded within the HMO catabolic cluster is up-regulated during HMO fermentation and is active on sialylated lacto-N-tetraose. These results demonstrate that commensal microorganisms do utilize MSO, a substrate that may be enriched in the distal gastrointestinal tract.

SUBMITTER: Sela DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3069393 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An infant-associated bacterial commensal utilizes breast milk sialyloligosaccharides.

Sela David A DA Li Yanhong Y Lerno Larry L Wu Shuai S Marcobal Angela M AM German J Bruce JB Chen Xi X Lebrilla Carlito B CB Mills David A DA

The Journal of biological chemistry 20110202 14

Lactating mothers secrete milk sialyloligosaccharides (MSOs) that function as anti-adhesives once provided to the neonate. Particular infant-associated commensals, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, consume neutral milk oligosaccharides, although their ability to utilize acidic oligosaccharides has not been assessed. Temporal glycoprofiling of acidic HMO consumed during fermentation demonstrated a single composition, with several isomers, corresponding to sialylated lacto-N-tetraose ...[more]

PMID: 21288901

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Project description:ImportanceEstablishment of the infant microbiome has lifelong implications on health and immunity. Gut microbiota of breastfed compared with nonbreastfed individuals differ during infancy as well as into adulthood. Breast milk contains a diverse population of bacteria, but little is known about the vertical transfer of bacteria from mother to infant by breastfeeding.ObjectiveTo determine the association between the maternal breast milk and areolar skin and infant gut bacterial communities.Design, setting, and participantsIn a prospective, longitudinal study, bacterial composition was identified with sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in breast milk, areolar skin, and infant stool samples of 107 healthy mother-infant pairs. The study was conducted in Los Angeles, California, and St Petersburg, Florida, between January 1, 2010, and February 28, 2015.ExposuresAmount and duration of daily breastfeeding and timing of solid food introduction.Main outcomes and measuresBacterial composition in maternal breast milk, areolar skin, and infant stool by sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.ResultsIn the 107 healthy mother and infant pairs (median age at the time of specimen collection, 40 days; range, 1-331 days), 52 (43.0%) of the infants were male. Bacterial communities were distinct in milk, areolar skin, and stool, differing in both composition and diversity. The infant gut microbial communities were more closely related to an infant's mother's milk and skin compared with a random mother (mean difference in Bray-Curtis distances, 0.012 and 0.014, respectively; P?<?.001 for both). Source tracking analysis was used to estimate the contribution of the breast milk and areolar skin microbiomes to the infant gut microbiome. During the first 30 days of life, infants who breastfed to obtain 75% or more of their daily milk intake received a mean (SD) of 27.7% (15.2%) of the bacteria from breast milk and 10.3% (6.0%) from areolar skin. Bacterial diversity (Faith phylogenetic diversity, P?=?.003) and composition changes were associated with the proportion of daily breast milk intake in a dose-dependent manner, even after the introduction of solid foods.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this study indicate that bacteria in mother's breast milk seed the infant gut, underscoring the importance of breastfeeding in the development of the infant gut microbiome.

Project description:IntroductionMicrobial communities inhabiting the human infant gut are important for immune system development and lifelong health. One critical exposure affecting the bacterial colonization of the infant gut is consumption of human milk, which contains diverse microbial communities and prebiotics. We hypothesized that human milk-associated microbial profiles are associated with those of the infant gut.MethodsMaternal-infant dyads enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (n = 189 dyads) contributed breast milk and infant stool samples collected approximately at 6 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postpartum (n = 572 samples). Microbial DNA was extracted from milk and stool and the V4-V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced.ResultsClustering analysis identified three breast milk microbiome types (BMTs), characterized by differences in Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and microbial diversity. Four 6-week infant gut microbiome types (6wIGMTs) were identified, differing in abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, and Escherichia/Shigella, while two 12-month IGMTs (12mIGMTs) differed primarily by Bacteroides presence. At 6 weeks, BMT was associated with 6wIGMT (Fisher's exact test value of p = 0.039); this association was strongest among infants delivered by Cesarean section (Fisher's exact test value of p = 0.0028). The strongest correlations between overall breast milk and infant stool microbial community structures were observed when comparing breast milk samples to infant stool samples collected at a subsequent time point, e.g., the 6-week breast milk microbiome associated with the 6-month infant gut microbiome (Mantel test Z-statistic = 0.53, value of p = 0.001). Streptoccous and Veillonella species abundance were correlated in 6-week milk and infant stool, and 4- and 6-month milk Pantoea species were associated with infant stool Lachnospiraceae genera at 9 and 12 months.DiscussionWe identified clusters of human milk and infant stool microbial communities that were associated in maternal-infant dyads at 6 weeks of life and found that milk microbial communities were more strongly associated with infant gut microbial communities in infants delivered operatively and after a lag period. These results suggest that milk microbial communities have a long-term effect on the infant gut microbiome both through sharing of microbes and other molecular mechanisms.

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An infant-associated bacterial commensal utilizes breast milk sialyloligosaccharides.

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An infant-associated bacterial commensal utilizes breast milk sialyloligosaccharides.

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