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Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence.

ABSTRACT: To examine bidirectional influences of onset of psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers.A prospective longitudinal cohort of adolescents and mothers drawn from a large city school system. Adolescents were interviewed five times and mothers three times over 2 years.Chicago, Illinois.Subsample of adolescent smokers (n = 814).Selected DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, nicotine dependence and selected risk factors were ascertained.Among lifetime smokers, 53.7% experienced at least one nicotine dependence criterion; 26.1% full dependence; 14.1% experienced an anxiety disorder, 18.8% a mood disorder and 29.5% a disruptive disorder. Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders were comorbid: nicotine-dependent youths had higher rates of individual and multiple disorders than those not dependent. Controlling for other covariates, mood disorder and nicotine dependence did not predict each other; anxiety disorder predicted nicotine dependence. Bidirectional influences were observed for disruptive disorder and nicotine dependence. Predictors of onset of full nicotine dependence included earlier onset age of tobacco use, high initial pleasant sensitivity to tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, abuse and dependence and parental nicotine dependence. Predictors of psychiatric disorder onset included gender, race/ethnicity, other psychiatric disorders, illicit drug abuse or dependence and parental depression and delinquency.Initial pleasant experiences of smoking are predictive of later development of nicotine dependence. There may be reciprocal influences between disruptive disorder and development of nicotine dependence in adolescence, and intergenerational transmission of parental nicotine dependence and psychopathology.

SUBMITTER: Griesler PC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3074018 | biostudies-literature | 2011 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence.

Griesler Pamela C PC Hu Mei-Chen MC Schaffran Christine C Kandel Denise B DB

Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20110501 5

<h4>Aims</h4>To examine bidirectional influences of onset of psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers.<h4>Design</h4>A prospective longitudinal cohort of adolescents and mothers drawn from a large city school system. Adolescents were interviewed five times and mothers three times over 2 years.<h4>Setting</h4>Chicago, Illinois.<h4>Participants</h4>Subsample of adolescent smokers (n = 814).<h4>Measurements</h4>Selected DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, nicotine dependence ...[more]

PMID: 21320229

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Project description:ObjectiveIt is not clear why psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in the functional somatic syndromes than other general medical illnesses. This study assessed the correlates of psychiatric disorders in 3 functional syndromes and 3 general medical illnesses in a population-based sample.MethodsThe Lifelines cohort study included 122,366 adults with relevant data for 6 self-reported conditions: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and diabetes. For each condition the proportion with a DSM-IV psychiatric disorder was assessed. In a cross-sectional design, logistic regression identified at baseline the variables most closely associated with current psychiatric disorder in participants with a pre-existing medical or functional condition. In a separate analysis the prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to onset of these conditions was assessed. This was a longitudinal study with psychiatric disorder assessed at baseline in participants who subsequently developed a general medical or functional condition between baseline and follow-up.ResultsThe prevalence of psychiatric disorder was higher (17-27%) in the functional somatic syndromes than the general medical illnesses (10.4-11.7%). The variables closely associated with psychiatric disorder were similar in the functional syndromes and general medical illnesses: stressful life events, chronic personal health difficulties, neuroticism, poor perception of general health, impairment of function due to physical illness and reported previous (lifetime) psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to development of these disorder was similar to that of established disorders.ConclusionDespite the difference in prevalence, the correlates of psychiatric disorders were similar in functional and general medical disorders and included predisposing and environmental factors. The increased rate of psychiatric disorder in functional somatic syndromes appears to be evident before onset of the syndrome.

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Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence.

Publications

Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence.

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