Dataset Information

Topographical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: co-localization with tryptophan hydroxylase.

ABSTRACT: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-related neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of stress-related physiology and behavior. Members of the CRF family of neuropeptides bind to two known receptors, the CRF type 1 (CRF?) receptor, and the CRF type 2 (CRF?) receptor. Although the distribution of CRF? receptor mRNA expression has been extensively studied, the distribution of CRF? receptor protein has not been characterized. An area of the brain known to contain high levels of CRF? receptor mRNA expression and CRF? receptor binding is the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). In the present study we investigated in detail the distribution of CRF? receptor immunoreactivity throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the DR. CRF? receptor-immunoreactive perikarya were observed throughout the DR, with the highest number and density in the mid-rostrocaudal DR. Dual immunofluorescence revealed that CRF? receptor immunoreactivity was frequently co-localized with tryptophan hydroxylase, a marker of serotonergic neurons. This study provides evidence that CRF? receptor protein is expressed in the DR, and that CRF? receptors are expressed in topographically organized subpopulations of cells in the DR, including serotonergic neurons. Furthermore, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that CRF? receptors play an important role in the regulation of stress-related physiology and behavior through actions on serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons within the DR.

SUBMITTER: Lukkes JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3092641 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Topographical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: co-localization with tryptophan hydroxylase.

Lukkes J L JL Staub D R DR Dietrich A A Truitt W W Neufeld-Cohen A A Chen A A Johnson P L PL Shekhar A A Lowry C A CA

Neuroscience 20110329

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-related neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of stress-related physiology and behavior. Members of the CRF family of neuropeptides bind to two known receptors, the CRF type 1 (CRF₁) receptor, and the CRF type 2 (CRF₂) receptor. Although the distribution of CRF₂ receptor mRNA expression has been extensively studied, the distribution of CRF₂ receptor protein has not been characterized. An area of the brain known to contain high levels of CRF₂ re ...[more]

PMID: 21453754

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Project description:Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that the experience of flow aligns with a relative increase in activation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and relative activation decreases of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and of the amygdala (AMY). In the present study, Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was used to explore effective connectivity between those brain regions. To test our hypothesis that the DRN causally down-regulates activity of the MPFC and/or of the AMY, 23 healthy male students solved mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A "flow" condition, with task demands automatically balanced with participants' skill level, was compared with conditions of "boredom" and "overload". DCM models were constructed modeling full reciprocal endogenous connections between the DRN, the MPFC, the AMY, and the calcarine. The calcarine was included to allow sensory input to enter the system. Experimental conditions were modeled as exerting modulatory effects on various possible connections between the DRN, the MPFC, and the AMY, but not on self-inhibitory connections, yielding a total of 64 alternative DCM models. Model space was partitioned into eight families based on commonalities in the arrangement of the modulatory effects. Random effects Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) was applied to identify a possible winning family (and model). Although BMS revealed a clear winning family, an outstanding winning model could not be identified. Therefore, Bayesian Model Averaging was performed over models within the winning family to obtain representative DCM parameters for subsequent analyses to test our hypothesis. In line with our expectations, Bayesian averaged parameters revealed stronger down-regulatory influence of the DRN on the MPFC when participants experienced flow relative to control conditions. In addition, these condition-dependent modulatory effects significantly predicted participants' experienced degree of flow. The AMY was down-regulated irrespective of condition. The present results suggest a causal role for the DRN in modulating the MPFC, contributing to the experience of flow.

Dataset Information

Topographical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: co-localization with tryptophan hydroxylase.

Publications

Topographical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: co-localization with tryptophan hydroxylase.

Similar Datasets

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