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Molecular evidence for novel planctomycete diversity in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

ABSTRACT: We examined anoxic and aerobic basins and an anaerobic digestor of a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the presence of novel planctomycete-like diversity. Three 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed by using a 16S rRNA-targeted universal reverse primer and a forward PCR primer specific for Planctomyces: Phylogenetic analysis of 234 16S rRNA gene sequences defined 110 operational taxonomic units. The majority of these sequences clustered with the four known genera, Pirellula (32%), Planctomyces (18.4%), Gemmata (3.8%), and Isosphaera (0.4%). More interestingly, 42.3% of the sequences appeared to define two distantly separated monophyletic groups. The first group, represented by 35.5% of the sequences, was related to the Planctomyces group and branched as a monophyletic cluster. It exhibited between 11.9 and 20.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence dissimilarity in comparisons with cultivated planctomycetes. The second group, represented by 6.8% of the sequences, was deeply rooted within the Planctomycetales tree. It was distantly related to the anammox sequences (level of dissimilarity, 20.3 to 24.4%) and was a monophyletic cluster. The retrieved sequences extended the intralineage phylogenetic depth of the Plantomycetales from 23 to 30.6%. The lineages described here may have a broad diversity of undiscovered biochemical and metabolic novelty. We developed a new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe and localized members of one of the phylogenetic groups using the fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Our results indicate that activated sludge contains very diverse representatives of this group, which grow under aerobic and anoxic conditions and even under anaerobic conditions. The majority of species in this group remain poorly characterized.

SUBMITTER: Chouari R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC309898 | biostudies-literature | 2003 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular evidence for novel planctomycete diversity in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Chouari Rakia R Le Paslier Denis D Daegelen Patrick P Ginestet Philippe P Weissenbach Jean J Sghir Abdelghani A

Applied and environmental microbiology 20031201 12

We examined anoxic and aerobic basins and an anaerobic digestor of a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the presence of novel planctomycete-like diversity. Three 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed by using a 16S rRNA-targeted universal reverse primer and a forward PCR primer specific for Planctomyces: Phylogenetic analysis of 234 16S rRNA gene sequences defined 110 operational taxonomic units. The majority of these sequences clustered with the four known genera, Pirellula (32%), Plan ...[more]

PMID: 14660385

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Project description:Fungi are known to play important roles in pollutant transformation in activated sludge-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the seasonality and distributions of fungal populations in different-sized flocs have still remained largely unknown. In this study, seasonal population dynamics and community separation of fungi in a municipal WWTP across a 1-year period were investigated. We classified all taxa into six categories based on abundances to assess their roles and contributions to the whole community. The results showed that the rare taxa (<0.01%) contributed greatly to species richness (95.27%). Conversely, although low in species diversity, abundant taxa (?1%) accounted for the majority (89.45%) of the total relative abundance, which suggested that a few core abundant fungi existed in the activated sludge ecosystem. The abundant, conditionally rare, and rare taxa contributed 30.14%, 31.11%, and 38.75%, respectively, to temporal shifts in community structure, and their abundances responded differently to environmental variables, suggesting that these three subcommunities exhibited a large difference in environmental sensitivity. Importantly, the results revealed seasonal dynamics of the whole fungal community and the subcommunities of all the microbial taxon categories, resulting in significant differences in community structures between warm and cold seasons. Furthermore, fungal diversity and the compositions of the whole community and subcommunities differed significantly among flocs of different sizes, which underlined the size-based fungal community separation in activated sludge of WWTPs. The findings of this work improved our understanding of fungal population dynamics and community separation in WWTPs.IMPORTANCE Fungi are important contributors to the various functions of activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Unlike previous studies, this work demonstrated the seasonality of the fungal community over a longer time span while it also systematically assessed the contributions of abundant, conditionally rare, and rare taxa to the whole community. Importantly, in the present study, we considered sludge flocs of a certain size range rather than the whole sludge flocs as a community. Our results revealed significant differences in fungal community structure among different-sized flocs, which supported the idea that size-based fungal community segregation is occurring in activated sludge ecosystems. The findings provide new insights into the dynamic changes or distribution of fungi in the bioaggregates of sludge flocs in WWTPs.

Dataset Information

Molecular evidence for novel planctomycete diversity in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Publications

Molecular evidence for novel planctomycete diversity in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

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