Dataset Information

Early HIV-1 diagnosis using in-house real-time PCR amplification on dried blood spots for infants in remote and resource-limited settings.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:In resource-limited settings, most perinatally HIV-1-infected infants do not receive timely antiretroviral therapy because early HIV-1 diagnosis is not available or affordable. OBJECTIVE:To assess the performance of a low-cost in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect HIV-1 DNA in infant dried blood spots (DBS). METHODS:One thousand three hundred nineteen DBS collected throughout Thailand from non-breast-fed infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers were shipped at room temperature to a central laboratory.In-house real-time DNA PCR results were compared with Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test (Version 1.5) results. In addition, we verified the Roche test performance on DBS sampled from 1218 other infants using as reference HIV serology result at 18 months of age. RESULTS:Real-time DNA PCR and Roche DNA PCR results were 100% concordant. Compared with HIV serology results, the Roche test sensitivity was 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 92.6% to 100.0%) and its specificity at 4 months of age was 99.7% (95% confidence interval: 99.2% to 99.9%). CONCLUSIONS:In-house real-time PCR performed as well as the Roche test in detecting HIV-1 DNA on DBS in Thailand. Combined use of DBS and real-time PCR assays is a reliable and affordable tool to expand access to early HIV-1 diagnosis in remote and resource-limited settings, enabling timely treatment for HIV-1-infected infants.

SUBMITTER: Ngo-Giang-Huong N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3111749 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early HIV-1 diagnosis using in-house real-time PCR amplification on dried blood spots for infants in remote and resource-limited settings.

Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole N Khamduang Woottichai W Leurent Baptiste B Collins Intira I Collins Intira I Nantasen Issaren I Leechanachai Pranee P Sirirungsi Wasna W Limtrakul Aram A Leusaree Tasana T Comeau Anne Marie AM Lallemant Marc M Jourdain Gonzague G

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 20081201 5

<h4>Background</h4>In resource-limited settings, most perinatally HIV-1-infected infants do not receive timely antiretroviral therapy because early HIV-1 diagnosis is not available or affordable.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the performance of a low-cost in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect HIV-1 DNA in infant dried blood spots (DBS).<h4>Methods</h4>One thousand three hundred nineteen DBS collected throughout Thailand from non-breast-fed infants born to HIV-1-infected ...[more]

PMID: 18989220

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough laparoscopic surgery has made remarkable progress and become the standard approach for various surgical procedures worldwide over the past 30 years, its establishment in low-resource settings, particularly in public hospitals, has been challenging. The lack of equipment and trained expertise has hindered its widespread adoption in these settings. Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures using laparoscopy world wide AIM: The aim of the study is to determine whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible in a resource challenged setting METHODS: The research focused on individuals who underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomies at Yekatit 12 Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, over a one-year period. Comprehensive data collection was conducted prospectively, encompassing both intraoperative and postoperative parameters. Follow-up was carried out via phone calls. The surgical procedures employed innovative techniques, including the reuse of sterilized single-use equipment and the utilization of local resources. The evaluation involved a comparison of demographic information, intraoperative details (such as critical view determination and operative duration), and postoperative complications, including assessments of pain and wound infections RESULTS: From August 2021 to September 2022, 119 patients were assessed. Among these patients, 65 (54.6%) underwent open cholecystectomies, while the remaining 54 (45.4%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The average duration of the laparoscopic cholecystectomies was 90.7 min, which is 17.7 min behind the open. Patients in the laparoscopy group had significantly shorter hospital stays than the open group, and 94% were discharged by post operative day 2. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open surgery was determined to be 3.3% CONCLUSION: To sum up, the safe execution of laparoscopic cholecystectomies is feasible in public hospitals and settings with limited resources, given adequate training and resource distribution. The study findings showcased superior outcomes, including reduced hospitalization duration and fewer complications, while maintaining comparable levels of operative duration and patient satisfaction in both groups.

Project description:Smaller, more affordable, and more portable MRI brain scanners offer exciting opportunities to address unmet research needs and long-standing health inequities in remote and resource-limited international settings. Field-based neuroimaging research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can improve local capacity to conduct both structural and functional neuroscience studies, expand knowledge of brain injury and neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, and ultimately improve the timeliness and quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment around the globe. Facilitating MRI research in remote settings can also diversify reference databases in neuroscience, improve understanding of brain development and degeneration across the lifespan in diverse populations, and help to create reliable measurements of infant and child development. These deeper understandings can lead to new strategies for collaborating with communities to mitigate and hopefully overcome challenges that negatively impact brain development and quality of life. Despite the potential importance of research using highly portable MRI in remote and resource-limited settings, there is little analysis of the attendant ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI). To begin addressing this gap, this paper presents findings from the first phase of an envisioned multi-staged and iterative approach for creating ethical and legal guidance in a complex global landscape. Section 1 provides a brief introduction to the emerging technology for field-based MRI research. Section 2 presents our methodology for generating plausible use cases for MRI research in remote and resource-limited settings and identifying associated ELSI issues. Section 3 analyzes core ELSI issues in designing and conducting field-based MRI research in remote, resource-limited settings and offers recommendations. We argue that a guiding principle for field-based MRI research in these contexts should be including local communities and research participants throughout the research process in order to create sustained local value. Section 4 presents a recommended path for the next phase of work that could further adapt these use cases, address ethical and legal issues, and co-develop guidance in partnership with local communities.

Dataset Information

Early HIV-1 diagnosis using in-house real-time PCR amplification on dried blood spots for infants in remote and resource-limited settings.

Publications

Early HIV-1 diagnosis using in-house real-time PCR amplification on dried blood spots for infants in remote and resource-limited settings.

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