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Americans with diet-related chronic diseases report higher diet quality than those without these diseases.

ABSTRACT: Large health disparities exist in the U.S. across ethnic and socioeconomic status groups. Using nationally representative data, we tested whether American patients with diet-related chronic diseases had higher diet quality than nonpatients. We also tested whether nutrition knowledge and beliefs (NKB) and food label (FL) use were associated with the observed differences. The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey were examined for 4356 U.S. adults. Dietary intakes were assessed using 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls and diet quality was assessed by using the USDA 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Patients' mean HEI was higher than that of nonpatients (mean ± SE: 53.6 ± 0.5 vs. 51.8 ± 0.4; P < 0.001). Among patients, blacks were 92% more likely to report low diet quality (HEI < 20th percentile) than whites. The positive association between chronic diseases and HEI was observed only for patients with good NKB [OR = 1.80 (95% CI = 1.34, 2.43)]. The diabetes-HEI association was stronger among FL users [OR = 2.24 (95% CI = 1.08, 4.63)] than non-FL users [OR = 1.33 (95% CI = 0.65, 2.73)]. Hypertensive patients' and nonpatients' diet quality did not significantly differ; linear regression models showed no difference in their HEI (? ± SE: 0.6 ± 0.6; P > 0.05) or sodium intake (-18.6 ± 91.4 g/d; P > 0.05) between them. In conclusion, U.S. adults with diet-related chronic diseases reported somewhat higher diet quality than nonpatients, especially among those patients with good NKB and use of FL. Efforts are needed to promote healthy eating among Americans with diet-related chronic diseases; nutrition education and promotion of FL use may help.

SUBMITTER: Chen X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3138644 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Americans with diet-related chronic diseases report higher diet quality than those without these diseases.

Chen Xiaoli X Cheskin Lawrence J LJ Shi Leiyu L Wang Youfa Y

The Journal of nutrition 20110622 8

Large health disparities exist in the U.S. across ethnic and socioeconomic status groups. Using nationally representative data, we tested whether American patients with diet-related chronic diseases had higher diet quality than nonpatients. We also tested whether nutrition knowledge and beliefs (NKB) and food label (FL) use were associated with the observed differences. The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey were examined for 4356 ...[more]

PMID: 21697303

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Project description:BackgroundDNA methylation-based epigenetic age measures have been used as biological aging markers and are associated with a healthy lifespan. Few population-based studies have examined the relation between diet and epigenetic age acceleration.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the relation between diet quality and epigenetic age acceleration.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1995 participants (mean age, 67 years; 55% women) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. Cross-sectional associations between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and 3 whole-blood DNA methylation-derived epigenetic age acceleration measures-Dunedin Pace of Aging Methylation (DunedinPoAm), GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA), and PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA)-were examined. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating role of epigenetic age acceleration in relation to DASH and all-cause mortality.ResultsA higher DASH score was associated with lower levels of DunedinPoAm (β = -0.05; SE = 0.02; P = 0.007), GrimAA (β = -0.09; SE = 0.02; P < 0.001), and PhenoAA (β = -0.07; SE = 0.02; P = 0.001). All 3 epigenetic measures mediated the association between the DASH score and all-cause mortality, with mean proportions of 22.1% for DunedinPoAm (Pmediation = 0.04), 45.1% for GrimAA (Pmediation = 0.001), and 22.9% for PhenoAA (Pmediation = 0.03). An interaction was observed between the DASH score and smoking status in relation to the epigenetic aging markers. The association between the DASH score and epigenetic aging markers tended to be stronger in "ever-smokers" (former and current smokers) compared to "never-smokers." The proportions of mediation were 31.3% for DunedinPoAm, 46.8% for GrimAA, and 10.3% for PhenoAA in ever-smokers, whereas no significant mediation was observed in never-smokers.ConclusionsHigher diet quality is associated with slower epigenetic age acceleration, which partially explains the beneficial effect of diet quality on the lifespan. Our findings emphasize that adopting a healthy diet is crucial for maintaining healthy aging.

Project description:Objective: To understand how diet quality affects chronic disease etiology, the associations of 4 a priori diet quality indices with blood levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients and biomarkers of inflammation, lipid, and glucose metabolism were examined in 5 ethnic groups.Methods: In a cross-sectional design, the Adiposity Phenotype Study, a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles, recruited participants of white, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Latino ancestry. A total of 896 men and 910 women completed a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements and donated a fasting blood sample. Using general linear models, covariate-adjusted mean levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients (total carotenes, lycopene, total tocopherols, total lutein, cryptoxanthins), biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text]), adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides), and glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) were computed across tertiles of 4 a priori dietary indices Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, Alternative HEI (AHEI)-2010, alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH); trends were evaluated in models with diet quality scores as continuous variables.Results: With better diet quality, levels of carotenes, lutein, cryptoxanthin, adiponectin, and HDL-C were significantly higher (ptrend < 0.01), whereas levels of CRP, leptin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were inversely associated (ptrend < 0.05) with diet quality. With the exception of cryptoxanthins and triglycerides, the associations were consistent across ethnic groups.Conclusions: These findings confirm the association between diet quality and nutrition-related biomarkers and support the idea that a high-quality diet positively influences biologic pathways involved in chronic disease etiology across different ethnic groups.

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Americans with diet-related chronic diseases report higher diet quality than those without these diseases.

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Americans with diet-related chronic diseases report higher diet quality than those without these diseases.

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