Childbearing impeded education more than education impeded childbearing among Norwegian women.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Cohen JE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3141966 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo classify young women into groups based on their childbearing worldviews-patterns of attitudes about domains related to childbearing-and to test whether these groups predict contraceptive behavior.BackgroundContraceptive behavior-defined here as contraceptive use or abstinence-among young women in the United States illustrates the often puzzling relationship between attitudes and behavior. This study argues that considering sets of attitudes relevant to childbearing in relation to each other can explain apparent contradictions between attitudes and contraceptive behavior.MethodUsing data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study of young women (N=832), this study analyzes the relationships among attitudes about childbearing by using latent class analysis to partition survey respondents into meaningful groups, and then multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between group membership and contraceptive behavior. Latent class analysis (LCA) identifies classes that share similar relationships between responses across a series of variables to measure childbearing worldviews.ResultsLatent class analysis identifies six classes of young women that share childbearing worldviews, four of which were predicted by existing literature. Membership in those classes is then shown to predict contraceptive behavior, an important behavioral outcome.ConclusionThe concept of worldviews and the method for identifying them will allow family researchers to identify meaningful groups in a population, as well as to generate theories about childbearing and contraceptive behavior.
| S-EPMC7546315 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research on antiepileptic drug (AED) teratogenesis has demonstrated an increased risk for valproate. The impact of these findings on current AED prescribing patterns for women of childbearing age with epilepsy is uncertain. The Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (NEAD) Study is an ongoing prospective multicenter observational investigation that enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy on the most common AED monotherapies from October 1999 to February 2004 (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproate, and phenytoin). A 2007 survey of AED use in women of childbearing age at eight NEAD centers found a total of 932 women of childbearing age with epilepsy (6% taking no AED, 53% monotherapy, 41% polytherapy). The most common monotherapies were lamotrigine or levetiracetam. Since 2004, prescriptions of carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproate have decreased, whereas those for levetiracetam have increased. Except for the top two AED monotherapies, there were marked differences in other monotherapies and in polytherapies between U.S. and UK centers. Future investigations are needed to examine reasons for drug choice.
| S-EPMC2741411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceAlthough women are increasingly represented within medicine, gender disparities persist in time to promotion, achievement of academic rank, and appointment to leadership positions, with no narrowing of this gap over time. Career-specific fertility and family building challenges among women physicians may contribute to ongoing disparities and academic attrition.ObjectiveTo evaluate delayed childbearing and infertility among women in medicine and investigate the extent to which women physicians may alter career trajectories to accommodate family building and parenthood.Design, setting, and participantsThis survey study was conducted among women physicians, with surveys distributed through medical society electronic mailing lists (listserves) and social media from March to August 2022.Main outcomes and measuresBaseline demographic information and fertility knowledge were assessed. Descriptive data on delayed childbearing, infertility, use of assisted reproductive technology, and career alterations to accommodate parenthood were collected. Factors associated with timing of pregnancy and family building regret were assessed using Likert-type scales. Group differences in fertility knowledge, delayed childbearing, infertility, and family building regret were evaluated using χ2 analyses.ResultsA total of 1056 cisgender women (mean [SD] age, 38.3 [7.7] years) were surveyed across level of training (714 attending physicians [67.6%] and 283 residents or fellows [26.8%]), specialty (408 surgical [38.6%] and 638 nonsurgical [60.4%] specialties), and practice setting (323 academic [45.2%], 263 private [24.9%], and 222 community [21.0%] settings). Among respondents, 1036 individuals [98.1%] resided in the US. Overall, 910 respondents (86.2%) were married or partnered and 690 respondents (65.3%) had children. While 824 physicians (78.0%) correctly identified the age of precipitous fertility decline, 798 individuals (75.6%) reported delaying family building and 389 individuals (36.8%) had experienced infertility. Concerning measures taken to accommodate childbearing or parenthood, 199 women (28.8%) said they had taken extended leave, 171 women (24.8%) said they had chosen a different specialty, 325 women (47.1%) said they had reduced their work hours, 171women (24.8%) said they had changed their practice setting, and 326 women (47.2%) said they had passed up opportunities for career advancement among those with children. Additionally, 30 women with children (4.3%) had left medicine entirely.Conclusions and relevanceIn this survey study, women physicians reported that career-related pressures influenced the timing of childbearing and led to marked alterations to career trajectories to accommodate family building and parenthood. These findings suggest that fertility and family building concerns among women in medicine may contribute to ongoing gender disparities and attrition and represent a potentially critical area for policy reform and future change.
| S-EPMC10375303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWomen who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant in the influenza season or caring for infant 6-59 months of age are identified as priority groups for influenza vaccination. Vaccination rate is presumed to be low in those women. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of childbearing age women about influenza vaccination.Materials and methodsChildbearing age women visiting the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 3 University hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province were surveyed. Individual interviews were performed to them with questionnaire for 2 months from April to May 2012. Demographic data, Immunization history, general understanding and factors associated with vaccination were asked.ResultsThree hundred fifty-five (71.0%) of total 500 reproductive age women had the experience of influenza vaccination. Among 343 women who has been pregnant at least once, 48 women (16.4%) had vaccination during pregnancy, and 46 of them got vaccination since 2009. One hundred ninety women of total 500 women responded that they would get vaccination if pregnant in the next influenza season (38.0%). In multivariate analysis, statistically significant factors associated with plans of influenza vaccination in pregnancy were as follows: experience of childbirth (odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.93), high level of education (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.15), previous influenza vaccination (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.01).ConclusionInfluenza vaccine coverage on childbearing age women including pregnant women is low because of misperception of vaccination during pregnancy. It is necessary for healthcare provider to correct misunderstanding and to recommend vaccination actively.
| S-EPMC3623516 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study examines whether social age deadlines exist for childbearing in women and men, how they vary across countries, whether they are lower than actual biological deadlines and whether they are associated with childbearing at later ages and the availability of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs).MethodsThis study is based on the European Social Survey, Round 3 (2006-2007), which covers 25 countries. Data were gathered on social age deadlines for childbearing in women (21 909 cases) and men (21 239 cases) from samples of representative community-dwelling populations aged 15 and older.ResultsSocial age deadlines for childbearing were perceived more frequently for women than men. These deadlines are often lower than actual biological limits, and for women and men alike: 57.2% of respondents perceived a maternal social age deadline ? 40 years of age; 46.2% of the respondents perceived a paternal social age deadline ? 45 years of age. There is also considerable variability in deadlines across countries, as well as within them. At the country level, the presence of social age deadlines for the childbearing of women was negatively associated with birth rates at advanced ages and the prevalence of ART, and later deadlines were positively associated with these factors.ConclusionsIt is important to understand the factors that increase and limit late fertility. While biological factors condition fertility, so do social expectations. These findings provide widespread evidence across Europe that social limits exist alongside biological ones, though both sets of factors are more binding for women.
| S-EPMC3037792 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We aimed to identify how additional information about benefits and harms of cervical cancer (CC) screening impacted intention to participate in screening, what type of information on harms women preferred receiving, from whom, and whether it differed between two national healthcare settings. We conducted a survey that randomized screen-eligible women in the United States (n = 1084) and Norway (n = 1060) into four groups according to the timing of introducing additional information. We found that additional information did not significantly impact stated intentions-to-participate in screening or follow-up testing in either country; however, the proportion of Norwegian women stating uncertainty about seeking precancer treatment increased from 7.9% to 14.3% (p = 0.012). Women reported strong system-specific preferences for sources of information: Norwegians (59%) preferred it come from a national public health agency while Americans (59%) preferred it come from a specialist care provider. Regression models revealed having a prior Pap-test was the most important predictor of intentions-to-participate in both countries, while having lower income reduced the probabilities of intentions-to-follow-up and seek precancer treatment among U.S. women. These results suggest that additional information on harms is unlikely to reduce participation in CC screening but could increase decision uncertainty to seek treatment. Providing unbiased information would improve on the ethical principle of respect for autonomy and self-determination. However, the clinical impact of additional information on women's understanding of the trade-offs involved with CC screening should be investigated. Future studies should also consider country-specific socioeconomic barriers to screening if communication re-design initiatives aim to improve CC screening participation.
| S-EPMC8242055 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a webtoon education program on preventive self-management related to premature labor (PSM-PL) for women of childbearing age, to evaluate its effects, and to assess the usability of webtoon education for women of childbearing age.MethodsThe study design was a stratified randomized trial with repeated measures. The participants were Korean women of childbearing age (between the ages of 19 and 49 years), with 49 participants each. The preventive health management self-efficacy related to premature labor (PHMSE-PL) scale, the preventive self-management knowledge related to premature labor (PSMK-PL) scale, and usability of webtoon education were assessed. The intervention group read six episodes of the PSM-PL webtoon within 2 days after clicking an online link. The control group did not receive anything but was given the webtoon after the last measurement. To test the effect of the repeatedly measured variables, a generalized estimating equation model was used.ResultsThe experimental group had statistically significantly greater increases in PHMSE-PL and PSMK-PL scores from baseline to immediately after and 2 weeks later than the control group. The average score for usability of webtoon education was high (4.52; standard deviation, 0.62) on a scale of 1-5.ConclusionThis webtoon education program on PSM-PL was a feasible and acceptable program that increased self-efficacy and knowledge of preventive health management of premature labor in women of childbearing age. Future studies that adopt a webtoon format can be beneficial for childbearing women with other risk factors.
| S-EPMC9619162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) remains the leading cause of meningitis and neonatal sepsis in the world, and causes disease in pregnant and puerperal women. This is a retrospective study of GBS infections on women of childbearing age living in Comunitat Valenciana, Spain (years 2009-2014) and GBS colonization rate on pregnant women attending Hospital La Fe (years 2013-2015) according to their origin. An aggregated total of 6,641,960 women exposed during the study period had an average GBS isolation rate of 5.19‰ (5.14-5.25‰), geographical group rates being: Western Europe (2.2‰), North America (2.1‰), Australia (3.7‰), Spain (4.6‰), Latin America II (4.5‰), Eastern Europe (5.3‰), Asia (6.7‰), Latin America I (7.7‰), Middle East (7.9‰), Indian Subcontinent (17.2‰), North Africa (17.8‰), Sub-Saharan Africa (22.7‰). The 4532 pregnant women studied had an average GBS colonization rate of 12.47% (11.51-13.43) and geographical group rates varied similar to geographical isolation rates. Low GDP and high temperatures of the birth country were associated with higher colonization rates. Thus, differences in GBS colonization depend on the country of origin; Africa and the Indian subcontinent presented the highest, while Western Europe and North America had the lowest. This variability portrays a geographical pattern influenced by temperature and GDP.
| S-EPMC7303196 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Folic acid (FA) given before and during pregnancy reduces the risk of several birth defects, including neurologic, cardiac, urinary and other congenital anomalies in the newborn. Several studies around the world showed less than satisfactory awareness and intake of this important vitamin. We undertook the task of exploring this question among Lebanese women of childbearing age.Between June and November 2014, we conducted this cross-sectional study on women aged 20 to 40 years. The subjects, who agreed to participate, completed a questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and knowledge about FA roles during pregnancy, as well as their babies' health.Seventy-six percent reported having knowledge about FA during pregnancy, but only a small proportion knew the benefits for taking it. Also, 93.9% of women took FA supplements during pregnancy, however only 33.6% of the participants took FA before becoming aware of their pregnancy.Public health interventions to improve awareness of FA's roles before and during pregnancy are crucial to curtail birth defects. It is our opinion that it is a very fruitful preventive medicine tool in which every community should invest.
| S-EPMC6634342 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present manuscript describes the validation of a food knowledge questionnaire (FKQ) for Tanzanian childbearing age women. The FKQ was derived from the Ugandan version and was adapted according to Tanzanian culture and food habits, including 114 closed-ended questions, divided into five different sections. The FKQ was administered to 671 Tanzanian childbearing-age women who were eligible if they: (i) were aged between 14 and 49 years old, (ii) had not been diagnosed with any disease and (iii) lived in the urban or peri-urban area of the Arusha and Morogoro region. The validation process of the FKQ was conducted in Tanzania and the recruitment occurred between August and October 2020. The final version of the validated questionnaire was characterized by a total of 88 questions, divided into ten different sections; each section aimed to investigate a different aspect of food knowledge, except for section A, which collected information related to the social and demographic characteristics of the respondent. The food knowledge questionnaire showed good construct validity and content validity to assess knowledge and food practices in Tanzanian women of childbearing age and could be used in future studies to identify women at higher risk of unhealthy eating habits and food choices.
| S-EPMC8840700 | biostudies-literature