Dataset Information

Generalized associative representations in parietal cortex.

ABSTRACT: Making associations between sensory stimuli is a critical aspect of behavior. We previously found that neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of Macaca mulatta reflect learned associations between directions of moving visual stimuli. Individual LIP neurons might encode associations only for specific stimuli, such as motion directions; alternatively, they may encode more general associations whenever animals must decide between discrete alternatives. To test this, we asked whether LIP neurons encode learned associations between pairs of arbitrarily chosen static shapes and, in a separate task, whether the same neurons also encode associations between motion directions. Our experimental design dissociated the visual associations from the movements used to report those associations. We found robust encoding of the learned pair associations between shapes, and shape-pair-selective neurons tended to be selective for direction associations. These findings suggest that representing generic categorical outcomes may be a fundamental role of parietal neurons.

SUBMITTER: Fitzgerald JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3145031 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Generalized associative representations in parietal cortex.

Fitzgerald Jamie K JK Freedman David J DJ Assad John A JA

Nature neuroscience 20110717 8

Making associations between sensory stimuli is a critical aspect of behavior. We previously found that neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of Macaca mulatta reflect learned associations between directions of moving visual stimuli. Individual LIP neurons might encode associations only for specific stimuli, such as motion directions; alternatively, they may encode more general associations whenever animals must decide between discrete alternatives. To test this, we asked whether LIP ne ...[more]

PMID: 21765425

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Project description:Alternating between two tasks is effortful and impairs performance. Previous fMRI studies have found increased activity in frontoparietal cortex when task switching is required. One possibility is that the additional control demands for switch trials are met by strengthening task representations in the human brain. Alternatively, on switch trials, the residual representation of the previous task might impede the buildup of a neural task representation. This would predict weaker task representations on switch trials, thus also explaining the performance costs. To test this, male and female participants were cued to perform one of two similar tasks, with the task being repeated or switched between successive trials. Multivoxel pattern analysis was used to test which regions encode the tasks and whether this encoding differs between switch and repeat trials. As expected, we found information about task representations in frontal and parietal cortex, but there was no difference in the decoding accuracy of task-related information between switch and repeat trials. Using cross-classification, we found that the frontoparietal cortex encodes tasks using a generalizable spatial pattern in switch and repeat trials. Therefore, task representations in frontal and parietal cortex are largely switch independent. We found no evidence that neural information about task representations in these regions can explain behavioral costs usually associated with task switching.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alternating between two tasks is effortful and slows down performance. One possible explanation is that the representations in the human brain need time to build up and are thus weaker on switch trials, explaining performance costs. Alternatively, task representations might even be enhanced to overcome the previous task. Here, we used a combination of fMRI and a brain classifier to test whether the additional control demands under switching conditions lead to an increased or decreased strength of task representations in frontoparietal brain regions. We found that task representations are not modulated significantly by switching processes and generalize across switching conditions. Therefore, task representations in the human brain cannot account for the performance costs associated with alternating between tasks.

Dataset Information

Generalized associative representations in parietal cortex.

Publications

Generalized associative representations in parietal cortex.

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