Dataset Information

Sleep-dependent modulation of affectively guided decision-making.

ABSTRACT: A question of great interest in current sleep research is whether and how sleep might facilitate complex cognitive skills such as decision-making. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to investigate effects of sleep on affect-guided decision-making. After a brief standardized preview of the IGT that was insufficient to learn its underlying rule, participants underwent a 12-h delay containing either a normal night's sleep (Sleep group; N?=?28) or continuous daytime wake (Wake group; N?=?26). Following the delay, both groups performed the full IGT. To control for circadian effects, two additional groups performed both the preview and the full task either in the morning (N?=?17) or the evening (N?=?21). In the IGT, four decks of cards were presented. Draws from two 'advantageous decks' yielded low play-money rewards, occasional low losses and, over multiple draws, a net gain. Draws from 'disadvantageous' decks yielded high rewards, occasional high losses and, over multiple draws, a net loss. Participants were instructed to win and avoid losing as much as possible, and better performance was defined as more advantageous draws. Relative to the wake group, the sleep group showed both superior behavioral outcome (more advantageous draws) and superior rule understanding (blindly judged from statements written at task completion). Neither measure differentiated the two control groups. These results illustrate a role of sleep in optimizing decision-making, a benefit that may be brought about by changes in underlying emotional or cognitive processes.

SUBMITTER: Pace-Schott EF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3150608 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sleep-dependent modulation of affectively guided decision-making.

Pace-Schott Edward F EF Nave Genevieve G Morgan Alexandra A Spencer Rebecca M C RM

Journal of sleep research 20110427 1

A question of great interest in current sleep research is whether and how sleep might facilitate complex cognitive skills such as decision-making. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to investigate effects of sleep on affect-guided decision-making. After a brief standardized preview of the IGT that was insufficient to learn its underlying rule, participants underwent a 12-h delay containing either a normal night's sleep (Sleep group; N = 28) or continuous daytime wake (Wake group; N = 26). Fol ...[more]

PMID: 21535281

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Project description:Risky decision-making is the decision made by individuals when they know the probability of each outcome. In order to survive in unpredictable environments, it is necessary for individuals to assess the probability of events occurring to an make appropriate decisions. There are few studies on the neural basis of risky decision-making behavior guided by external cues, which is related to the relative paucity of animal behavioral paradigms. Previous studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in risk-based decision-making. The PFC receives projections from the dopamine (DA) system from the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain. The mesocorticolimbic DA system regulates the judgments of reward and value in decision-making. However, the specific receptor mechanism for prefrontal DA regulation of cue-guided risky decision-making behavior remains unclear. Here we established a cue-guided risky decision-making behavioral paradigm (RDM task) to detect the behavior of rats making decisions between a small certain reward and a large uncertain reward in a self-paced manner. The D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (5 mM) or agonist SKF-82958 (5 mM), and the D2 receptor antagonist thioridazine hydrochloride (5 mM) or agonist MLS-1547 (5 mM) was injected into the mPFC, respectively, to investigate how the behavior in the RDM task was changed. The results showed that: (1) rats were able to master the operation of the cue-guided RDM task in a self-paced way; (2) a majority of rats were inclined to choose risk rather than a safe option when the reward expectations were equal; and (3) risk selection was reduced upon inhibition of D1 receptors or stimulation of D2 receptors, but increased upon stimulation of D1 receptors or inhibition of D2 receptors, suggesting that the RDM performance is regulated by D1 and D2 receptors in the mPFC. The present results suggest that DA receptors in the mPFC of rats are involved in regulating cue-guided RDM behavior, with differential involvement of D1 and D2 receptors in the regulation.

Project description:BackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option with curative intent for patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) but its application is limited by the lack of suitable donors and acceptability due to the related morbidity/mortality. Transplantation of autologous genetically modified hematopoietic cells, gene therapy (GT) is emerging as a promising treatment option for TDT as it eliminates graft versus host disease (GVHD) and need for immunosuppression. Early results of GT suggest that many, but not all patients achieve transfusion independence after the procedure. There is little information about the acceptability of GT in patients with TDT. We sought to examine patient/family knowledge about GT in TDT and to examine factors that influence decision-making about this therapy.MethodsParents of children with TDT and adults with TDT were who provided informed consent underwent semi-structured interviews to understand patient/family knowledge and decision-making regarding GT in TDT. Transcribed interviews were coded and the data was examined for emerging themes using a combination of thematic and content analysis.ResultsTwenty-five study participants with mean age of 38Y (17-52Y) including eight adults living with TDT, and 17 parents of children with TDT underwent semi-structured qualitative interviews. Participant responses coalesced around broad themes related to knowledge of GT, motivating/deterring factors and outcomes. Study participants expressed a desire for 'cure' from thalassemia including transfusion independence, chelation reduction and improved quality of life as motivators for considering GT. Insufficient knowledge about the process, long-term outcomes, safety, and side effects as well as the potential for death/failure of the procedure were deterrents for the consideration GT. Reduction in frequency of transfusions, even without elimination of transfusions was an acceptable outcome of GT for most participants. Participant choice for preferred treatment modality was split between indefinitely continuing transfusions which was familiar to them versus GT which was unfamiliar, and with an uncertain outcome. None of the participants had a matched sibling donor; alternate donor HSCT was the least preferred option in this group.ConclusionThere is tempered excitement about GT in patients/families with TDT with a general willingness to accept transfusions reduction as the outcome.

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Sleep-dependent modulation of affectively guided decision-making.

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Sleep-dependent modulation of affectively guided decision-making.

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