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State policies targeting junk food in schools: racial/ethnic differences in the effect of policy change on soda consumption.

ABSTRACT: We estimated the association between state policy changes and adolescent soda consumption and body mass index (BMI) percentile, overall and by race/ethnicity.We obtained data on whether states required or recommended that schools prohibit junk food in vending machines, snack bars, concession stands, and parties from the 2000 and 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between 2000-2006 policy changes and 2007 soda consumption and BMI percentile, as reported by 90 730 students in 33 states and the District of Columbia in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and to test for racial/ethnic differences in the associations.Policy changes targeting concession stands were associated with 0.09 fewer servings of soda per day among students (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.17, -0.01); the association was more pronounced among non-Hispanic Blacks (0.19 fewer servings per day). Policy changes targeting parties were associated with 0.07 fewer servings per day (95% CI = -0.13, 0.00). Policy changes were not associated with BMI percentile in any group.State policies targeting junk food in schools may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent soda consumption, but their impact appears to be too weak to reduce adolescent BMI percentile.

SUBMITTER: Taber DR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3154241 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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State policies targeting junk food in schools: racial/ethnic differences in the effect of policy change on soda consumption.

Taber Daniel R DR Stevens June J Evenson Kelly R KR Ward Dianne S DS Poole Charles C Maciejewski Matthew L ML Murray David M DM Brownson Ross C RC

American journal of public health 20110721 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>We estimated the association between state policy changes and adolescent soda consumption and body mass index (BMI) percentile, overall and by race/ethnicity.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on whether states required or recommended that schools prohibit junk food in vending machines, snack bars, concession stands, and parties from the 2000 and 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between 2000-2006 policy chang ...[more]

PMID: 21778484

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Project description:BackgroundTrends in junk food consumption, a risk for obesity, are not well established.ObjectivesWe examined national trends in types of junk food (excluding beverages) and their sources (grocery, restaurants, schools, etc.), overall and in population subgroups.MethodsWe assessed 29,970 children (aged 2-19 y) and 44,501 adults (aged ≥20 y) with 24-h dietary recall data from 9 NHANES cycles (2001-2002 to 2017-2018). Trends in junk food were assessed over time using 1-d values for individuals with single recalls and 2-d means for others.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2018, percent energy (%E) from junk food remained stable for children (from 18.1% to 17.5%, P-trend = 0.25) and decreased for adults (14.1% to 13.0%, P-trend = 0.002). Among children, increases occurred in %E from crackers (1.19% to 1.35%) and snack/meal bars (0.38% to 0.69%) and decreases in candy (2.58% to 1.96%) and other desserts (3.11% to 2.48%) (all P-trends < 0.01). Among adults, increases occurred in snack/meal bars (0.31% to 0.78%, P-trend < 0.001) and decreases in candy (1.97% to 1.55%; P-trend < 0.001), sweet bakery products (5.52% to 4.98%; P-trend = 0.04), and other desserts (2.19% to 1.86%; P-trend = 0.001). In 2017-2018, grocery stores provided the largest proportion of junk food (72.7% for children, 77.1% for adults), followed by other sources (13.1%, 12.1%), restaurants (8.05%, 9.11%), schools (4.86%), and worksites (1.99%). In both children and adults, junk food intake was higher among non-Hispanic white and black Americans compared with Mexican Americans, among those with higher compared with lower education, among women compared with men, and among older compared with younger adults. In sensitivity analyses using only 1-d recalls, mean junk food intake each cycle was ∼0.8-1.0 and 0.3-0.4%E units higher in children and adults, respectively, with otherwise similar trends and subgroup differences over time.ConclusionsFrom 2001 to 2018, %E from junk food represented nearly 1 in 5 calories among children, without change, and nearly 1 in 7 calories, with modest decrease, among adults, with disparities in subgroups.

Dataset Information

State policies targeting junk food in schools: racial/ethnic differences in the effect of policy change on soda consumption.

Publications

State policies targeting junk food in schools: racial/ethnic differences in the effect of policy change on soda consumption.

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