Dataset Information

Longitudinal association between animal and vegetable protein intake and obesity among men in the United States: the Chicago Western Electric Study.

ABSTRACT: Literature on the association of protein intake with body weight is inconsistent. Little is known about the relation of long-term protein intake to obesity.This study aimed to determine the association between protein intake and obesity.A cohort of 1,730 employed white men aged 40 to 55 years from the Chicago Western Electric Study was followed from 1958 to 1966. Diet was assessed twice with Burke's comprehensive diet history method at two baseline examinations; height, weight, and other covariates were measured annually by trained interviewers. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the relation of baseline total, animal, and vegetable protein intake to likelihood of being overweight or obese at sequential annual examinations.Dietary animal protein was positively related to overweight and obesity across 7 years of follow up. With adjustment for potential confounders (age, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, energy, carbohydrate and saturated fat intake, and history of diabetes or other chronic disease), the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for obesity were 4.62 (2.68 to 7.98) (P for trend <0.01) for participants in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of animal protein and 0.58 (0.36, 0.95) (P for trend = 0.053) for those in the highest quartile of vegetable protein intake. A statistically significant, positive association was seen between animal protein intake and obesity; those in higher quartiles of vegetable protein intake had lower odds of being obese.These results indicate that animal and vegetable protein may relate differently to occurrence of obesity in the long run.

SUBMITTER: Bujnowski D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3158996 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal association between animal and vegetable protein intake and obesity among men in the United States: the Chicago Western Electric Study.

Bujnowski Deborah D Xun Pengcheng P Daviglus Martha L ML Van Horn Linda L He Ka K Stamler Jeremiah J

Journal of the American Dietetic Association 20110801 8

<h4>Background</h4>Literature on the association of protein intake with body weight is inconsistent. Little is known about the relation of long-term protein intake to obesity.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to determine the association between protein intake and obesity.<h4>Design</h4>A cohort of 1,730 employed white men aged 40 to 55 years from the Chicago Western Electric Study was followed from 1958 to 1966. Diet was assessed twice with Burke's comprehensive diet history method at two base ...[more]

PMID: 21802560

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Project description:Study questionIs consumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues associated with lower semen quality?Summary answerConsumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues was associated with a lower total sperm count and a lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm among men presenting to a fertility clinic.What is known alreadyOccupational and environmental exposure to pesticides is associated with lower semen quality. Whether the same is true for exposure through diet is unknown.Study design, size, durationMen enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort at an academic medical fertility center. Male partners (n = 155) in subfertile couples provided 338 semen samples during 2007-2012.Participants/materials, setting, methodsSemen samples were collected over an 18-month period following diet assessment. Sperm concentration and motility were evaluated by computer-aided semen analysis (CASA). Fruits and vegetables were categorized as containing high or low-to-moderate pesticide residues based on data from the annual United States Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the association of fruit and vegetable intake with sperm parameters accounting for within-person correlations across repeat samples while adjusting for potential confounders.Main results and the role of chanceTotal fruit and vegetable intake was unrelated to semen quality parameters. High pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake, however, was associated with poorer semen quality. On average, men in highest quartile of high pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake (≥1.5 servings/day) had 49% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31%, 63%) lower total sperm count and 32% (95% CI: 7%, 58%) lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm than men in the lowest quartile of intake (<0.5 servings/day) (P, trend = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Low-to-moderate pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P, trend = 0.04).Limitations, reasons for cautionSurveillance data, rather than individual pesticide assessment, was used to assess the pesticide residue status of fruits and vegetables. CASA is a useful method for clinical evaluation but may be considered less favorable for accurate semen analysis in the research setting. Owing to the observational nature of the study, confirmation is required by interventional studies as well.Wider implications of the findingsTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the consumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residue in relation to semen quality. Further confirmation of these findings is warranted.Study funding/competing interestsSupported by National Institutes of Health grants ES009718, ES022955, ES000002, P30 DK046200 and Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 DK007703-16. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.

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Dataset Information

Longitudinal association between animal and vegetable protein intake and obesity among men in the United States: the Chicago Western Electric Study.

Publications

Longitudinal association between animal and vegetable protein intake and obesity among men in the United States: the Chicago Western Electric Study.

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