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R2 dynamics in Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1801) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca): turnover rate and 28S concerted evolution.

ABSTRACT: The R2 retrotransposon is here characterized in bisexual populations of the European crustacean Triops cancriformis. The isolated element matches well with the general aspects of the R2 family and it is highly differentiated from that of the congeneric North American Triops longicaudatus. The analysis of 5' truncations indicates that R2 dynamics in T. cancriformis populations show a high turnover rate as observed in Drosophila simulans. For the first time in the literature, though, individuals harboring truncation variants, but lacking the complete element, are found. Present results suggest that transposition-mediated deletion mechanisms, possibly involving genomic turnover processes acting on rDNAs, can dramatically decrease the copy number or even delete R2 from the ribosomal locus. The presence of R2 does not seem to impact on the nucleotide variation of inserted 28S rDNA with respect to the uninserted genes. On the other hand, a low level of polymorphism characterizes rDNA units because new 28S variants continuously spread across the ribosomal array. Again, the interplay between transposition-mediated deletion and molecular drive may explain this pattern.

SUBMITTER: Mingazzini V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3183910 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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R2 dynamics in Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1801) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca): turnover rate and 28S concerted evolution.

Mingazzini V V Luchetti A A Mantovani B B

Heredity 20100714 4

The R2 retrotransposon is here characterized in bisexual populations of the European crustacean Triops cancriformis. The isolated element matches well with the general aspects of the R2 family and it is highly differentiated from that of the congeneric North American Triops longicaudatus. The analysis of 5' truncations indicates that R2 dynamics in T. cancriformis populations show a high turnover rate as observed in Drosophila simulans. For the first time in the literature, though, individuals h ...[more]

PMID: 20628416

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Project description:BackgroundThe Notostraca is a small but ancient crustacean order with a contrasting combination of a conservative morphology and a wide range of reproductive modes. The tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, includes bisexual - the putatively ancestral state -, androdioecious and hermaphrodite populations. As hermaphroditism and androdioecy confer a colonisation advantage, we expect the postglacial colonisation of northern Europe to have been effected by lineages with such reproductive modes. Therefore, N European populations should be composed of closely related lineages reflecting a recent range expansion. In contrast, glacial refugia in the south should contain bisexual populations with high haplotype diversity and more population structuring. To test these hypotheses, we analysed the geographic distribution of reproductive modes based on new and published sex ratio data. In addition, we investigated the European phylogeography of T. cancriformis by sequencing over a 1000 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in individuals from a large sample of populations of the three recognised subspecies.ResultsBisexual populations were only found in the Iberian Peninsula, with the rest of European populations showing low male proportions or no males. Androdioecious populations were found in Central and Eastern Europe. Regarding mtDNA diversity, Spanish and Moroccan populations of T. c. mauritanicus were highly divergent, and showed strong population structure. In contrast, Triops c. cancriformis and T. c. simplex formed a single mtDNA lineage with low haplotype diversity. This diversity was structured into two phylogenetic clades (A, B), coexisting in E Germany. Basal haplotypes of both lineages were found in the Iberian Peninsula. Most of the populations in clade A and B are either hermaphroditic or androdioecious, with the only bisexual population in these clades found in the Iberian Peninsula. The genetic divergence between these two clades suggests a split in the Late Pleistocene and their geographic distribution reflects a complex evolutionary history of European Triops populations, with possibly two episodes of range expansions - one of them by clade A - involving androdioecious and hermaphroditic populations.ConclusionAs we predicted, N European populations of T. cancriformis are closely related, with few widely distributed haplotypes and indications of a recent range expansion involving hermaphroditic/androdioecious lineages. A possible second range expansion or long distance colonisation may have created the secondary contact zone between T. c. cancriformis/simplex clades A and B. The large haplotype diversity and strong genetic subdivision in the Iberian Peninsula, which is known to contain only bisexual populations, strongly suggest that this area was a Pleistocene refugium for T. cancriformis, although the occurrence of additional eastern refugia cannot be ruled out. Our data support the status of T. c. mauritanicus as a separate species and the colonisation of N Africa from the Iberian Peninsula. We suggest that hermaphroditism/androdioecy has evolved recently in T. cancriformis and has facilitated the postglacial colonisation of northern Europe.

Dataset Information

R2 dynamics in Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1801) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca): turnover rate and 28S concerted evolution.

Publications

R2 dynamics in Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1801) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca): turnover rate and 28S concerted evolution.

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